Eurosurveillance, Volume 16, Issue 32, 11 August 2011
Research articles
Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans: new insights from a line list of World Health Organization confirmed cases, September 2006 to August 2010
L Fiebig ()1,2, J Soyka1,2, S Buda1, U Buchholz1, M Dehnert1, W Haas1
Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Berlin, Germany
These authors contributed equally to this article
Excerpt:
Case fatality
Fifty-six percent (132/235) of confirmed cases died. The CFR differed across countries ranging from 28% (27/98) in Egypt to 87% (71/82) in Indonesia. The cCFR and the 19-month rCFR indicated a decline in case fatality over the study period (Figure 1). Whereas the cCFR was little affected by the outcome of new cases and had only slightly decreased, the rCFR had steeply declined in the period from April 2008 to April 2009. Until mid 2008, a large proportion of cases occurred in Indonesia (country with highest CFR) and shifted thereafter to Egypt (country with lowest CFR). Accordingly, country-specific rCFRs for Indonesia and Egypt were less steep than the overall rCFR. The 19-months rCFR was privileged as it was less affected by case-free periods than rCFRs calculated over shorter periods (not shown).
In Egypt, fatal cases had a median age of 25 years, which was, at significant level, higher than the age of cases who survived (four years, p<0.001; Table 2). The CFR in Egypt was significantly higher in women than in men, (39% (22/56) vs 12% (5/42) respectively, p=0.003), which was not observed elsewhere (China: 63% (5/8) in women vs 70% (7/10) in men, p=1.0; Indonesia: 84% (43/51) vs 90% (28/31), p=0.521; Vietnam: 58% (7/12) vs 69% (9/13), p=0.688; remaining countries: 80% (4/5) vs 40% (2/5), p=0.524, respectively).
A significant difference in time from symptom onset to hospitalisation between survivors and fatal cases was only found in Egypt (one day vs four and a half days respectively, p=0.001, Table 3). All 19 cases worldwide hospitalised eight days after symptom onset or later had died.
Figure 3 shows the CFR in function of the time from symptom onset to hospitalisation, stratified by Egypt and Asian countries (grouped).
Figure 3. Time from confirmed avian influenza A(H5N1) human cases’ symptom onset to hospitalisation and case fatality rate stratified for Egypt and Asian countries, September 2006–August 2010 (n=197)
The median time from symptom onset to death was nine days (N=118), irrespective of the patients’ sex (p=0.605), and without significant difference across age groups (p=0.564, data not shown) or reporting countries (p=0.213).
The multivariable logistic regression revealed that odds of fatal outcome increased by 33% with each day that passed from symptom onset until hospitalisation (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.11–1.60, p=0.002). In relation to children of 0–9 years, odds of fatal outcome were more than six times higher in 10–19 year-olds and 20–29 year-olds (OR: 6.06, 95% CI: 1.89–19.48, p=0.002 and OR: 6.16, 95% CI: 2.05–18.53, p=0.001, respectively), and nearly five times higher in patients of 30 years and older (OR: 4.71, 95% CI: 1.56–14.27, p=0.006).
Using Indonesia as a reference, odds of dying were lower elsewhere, namely by 92% in Egypt (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03–0.22, p<0.001), by 81% in China (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04–0.90, p=0.036), and by 79% in Vietnam (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.75, p=0.016), but not in the grouped remaining countries (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.04–1.27, p=0.091). Exposure to poultry was not significant and none of the interaction terms significantly improved the model fit. They were thus not retained in the final model.
Discussion and conclusions
With this study, we summarised the current global AI situation in humans. It is, to our knowledge, the first study that not only analysed human AI cases worldwide on the basis of a line list collected over several years but in addition made these case-based data available online. We found that a longer delay from symptom onset to hospital admission and belonging to older age groups were associated with higher mortality in AI patients, and that the situation in Egypt differed markedly from other countries with highest AI incidences in children and lowest CFR.
With our line list, cumulative case numbers published by WHO [4] could be largely reproduced: 235 of 256 WHO confirmed cases (92%) and additional 59 unconfirmed cases were captured between September 2006 and August 2010. The identified median reporting delay of 11 days after symptom onset may partly be explained by a deferred presentation to healthcare facilities as well as by the time needed for pathogen confirmation. About 52% of confirmed cases had been reported elsewhere in a median of three days prior to the WHO report. Because delays in availability of information could hamper investigations of the source of infection and of clusters of human cases [30], it could be beneficial to report and document probable cases in parallel with confirmed ones [31].
Confirmed cases had a median age of 18 years, which is consistent with earlier findings, although investigation periods and affected countries varied [2,19,21]. The identified predominance of female cases in Indonesia and Egypt and the low age median among Egyptian cases support findings from previous studies [2,23-25]. Schroedl [32] examined the mean age of cases in Egypt over four seasons between August 2006 and July 2009 and found a declining age-based pattern over time, but did not address sex-specific differences. We found, in line with other studies, a significantly older age of female cases than male cases, whose proportion had increased since 2008 in Egypt [24,25]. Chen et al., analysing AI cases worldwide before June 2006, also identified sex-specific differences in the age-groups of 4 to 6 years (95% male) and 25 to 30 years (83% female) [33]. They assumed particularly high levels of exposure in pre-school boys playing outdoors and housewives taking care of fowl and frequenting live markets. Fasina et al. suggested a similar explanation for the situation in Egypt [25].
Ninety-six percent of the cases had reportedly direct or indirect contact to potentially infected poultry, recognised as the most important risk factor for humans AI [8,34]. The WHO Clinical Case summary Form [35], where e.g. “poultry” can be checked as “most likely source of infection” has enhanced the systematic collection of information since 2007. However, currently reported information yields little insights into the actual source of infection and the intensity and quality of exposure needed to infect humans [36-38].
The median time from symptom onset to hospitalisation was four days, which is remarkably stable when compared to earlier studies [19,21]. If time to hospital admission is regarded as an indicator for monitoring case management and patients’ awareness [31], no progress would be evident from a global perspective so far.
The cases’ average CFR was 56%, which is widely consistent with findings from earlier investigation periods [2,19,23]. Using a 19-month rolling CFR, we found a clear decrease in case fatality, which persisted when stratifying for Egypt and Indonesia. It could thus not simply be explained by a predominance of Egyptian cases since 2009. Regarding the decreasing CFR in Egypt, Schroedl [32] suggested that the circulating AI virus strain may have become less virulent and more apt to spreading among children.
Analytical results revealed lowest odds of dying for Egyptian cases, even when adjusted for age, sex and time to hospitalisation. Thus, the high proportion of survivors in Egypt cannot be entirely explained – as often assumed – by sex-specific differences in CFR [21,24] and the high proportion of children among AI patients in Egypt [5], as well as short delays from symptom onset to hospitalisation [25].
It cannot be ruled out, that different virus clades circulating in Egypt (clade 2.2) and Asia (clades 2.1 and 2.3) shape the country-specific epidemiological features [2,23]. Differences in CFR across countries and changes over time might also partly be explained by differences in intensity and quality of exposure, health-seeking behaviour, reporting attitudes, overall performance of the surveillance system, and access to diagnostics and medical care [23,27,39,40], such as the time to start of oseltamivir treatment, the antiviral recommend by WHO for human infections with AI virus [2]. However, country-specific details on its administration are widely unknown and it remains controversial up to how many days after symptom onset the application of the antiviral reduces mortality [30,41]. In our study all patients hospitalised eight or more days after symptom onset died. This suggests a rather narrow time window for antiviral drug administration.
Our study was solely based on data from publicly available case reports and is subject to several limitations. Our monitoring instrument was only entirely implemented in August 2006 and thus trend analyses were not exploited to its full extent. Within the used reports, negative values, e.g. “case not hospitalised”, were not systematically mentioned, which may lead to biases. Time specifications, e.g. on dates of exposure or hospitalisation, needed for time-to-event analyses, were often incomplete. Case reports did not systematically contain details on medical care and specific antiviral treatment. Therefore, analyses were restricted to “hospitalisation” as general indicator for access to medical care. Given the sparse information on possible contact with infected individuals and clusters of human AI cases available from the serial reports within the investigated period, clusters could not be evaluated as initially planned. Other studies reporting on clustered cases had mostly accessed additional case-investigation reports and patient interviews [23,30]. We based our analyses on WHO confirmed cases, although unconfirmed cases had been recorded in our line list, due to lacking information for probable and suspected cases. Including probable cases in our analyses did, however, not change the cases’ sex ratio or CFR substantially when compared to confirmed cases only.
Our study points out that data extracted from the public domain already yields pertinent epidemiological information for assessing the current situation and developments of AI in humans. A line list format as provided would enhance the analysability of key data, their updating, and the evaluation of variables needed. Several countries monitor the global AI situation, whether they currently face human AI cases, e.g. Egypt [25], or not, e.g. France [27]. This indicates a common interest in data and if they were directly provided in such format, this would help to save time and resources for public health authorities and researchers.
A line list needs to be flexible in view of potential new information to be entered. New variables and parameter values might come up, when the minimum dataset suggested Bird and Farrar [31] on direct and indirect exposures to avian influenza A(H5N1) confirmed and non-confirmed poultry and human exposures would be implemented or when results from prospective studies involving exposed and unexposed individuals as designed by Kayali et al. [34] are available. Unconfirmed cases would ideally be recorded as systematically as confirmed cases, either in a common or separate database as suggested by Bird and Farrar [31].
Presenting cases in the format of a line list is not a goal in itself, but a prerequisite for targeting surveillance and identifying risk factors, as well as a starting point for prospective studies, e.g. investigating potential human-to-human transmission, the transmissibility of avian influenza viruses, and host-related factors including age-dependent immunity in humans [33,42].
We would like to encourage that an anonymised case-based database for AI in humans is directly placed publicly and continuously updated, e.g. by an internationally renowned organisation such as WHO. Open access to analysable data might accelerate the identification and implementation of research questions and surveillance priorities and thus enhance our understanding of – still mostly fatal – AI in humans and permit the rapid detection of epidemiological changes with implications for human health.
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Tuesday, August 16, 2011
Sunday, August 14, 2011
Vinh Long: Destruction of 2,500 chickens have bird flu.
According to the provincial Veterinary Bureau, has worked with local organizations and destruction of 2,500 chickens was avian households in two communes of Hoi Chanh (Mang Thit district). From this year, the province has nearly 20,000 chickens have bird flu treatment destroyed. However, avian influenza vaccination for chickens phase I/2011 was only 40.8% of the plan (flock reaches 116% of plan).
UAE intensifies efforts to contain cholera in Somalia
15 August 2011
MOGADISHU - As an outbreak of cholera threatened tens of thousands of people fleeing the famine-hit areas of Somalia to pack into the crowded camps in the country’s capital, Mogadishu, the UAE fortified its medical efforts to contain the spread of the epidemic.
UAE’s mobile hospital continued to provide its ambulatory and medical services to the patients in the makeshift camps in and around the capital.
The Emirati mobile hospital has been welcomed as a great humanitarian service by the people in the region and is a worthy addition to the achievements in the vital initiatives of this kind.
The single hospital in Mogadishu is virtually helpless to cope up with the increasing number of patients being brought into it. According to the UN World Health Organisation, several people have died from suspected cholera cases in the hospital in Mogadishu, and there have been many other confirmed cholera outbreaks across the country.
Since the mobile hospital was inaugurated last week, it has visited the refugee camp in the suburbs of Mogadishu to give treatment to more than 820 patients suspected to be suffering from Cholera.
Cholera is caused by a bacteria that infects the small intestine and is spread through dirty water.
It is easily treated with oral rehydration salts and antibiotics. But many health centres in Somalia lack even these basic supplies. As a result, those who get cholera, especially children, can die of dehydration within days or even hours of being infected.
Since day one of its opening, the mobile hospital continues to receive increasing number of patients, many of whom are women and children.
Saturday, August 13, 2011
Chicken Breeders Suspected Bird Flu Suspect
Saturday, August 13, 2011
MordiadiRuang isolation Ra isolated place in the High Care Room Abdul Aziz Hospital Singkawang since two days laluSingkawang -
One chicken farmer in the area of Bukit Batu Singkawang, Ra, 70, was isolated in the High Care Room, Abdul Aziz Hospital Singkawang since two days ago. Grandfather allegedly infected with bird flu (Avian Influenza).
"Initially, he complained of cough and shortness of breath and feel chills when if we touch his body, feels hot," said Rus, daughter of Ra found in front of the High Care Room, Abdul Aziz Hospital Singkawang, yesterday (12 / 8).
The symptoms presented Rus occurred since four days ago, because the more severe, and her father was taken to Hope Joint Health Center. "The Hope Together suspect that my father was infected with bird flu," said Rus.
Because bird flu was suspected of being infected, the Joint Hope suggested that Ra was referred to Abdul Aziz Hospital. "They were taken to the hospital, because they do not have the equipment to check for infected or not from bird flu," said Rus.
On the advice of the Joint Health Center's Hope, was rushed to District Hospital Ra Abdul Aziz. "From the results of the examination while, according to the treating doctor, my father was not infected with bird flu, just that its development remains to be seen again a few days, hopefully not," please Rus.
He told us, suspected bird flu infection is strengthened because of what happened two months ago, when dozens of chickens died suddenly tail. "We do not report it, because as it was considered normal. Moreover, a neighbor's chickens also died, as was the season so, "said Rus.
In addition, Rus added, if the cause is due to Ra frequent contact with chickens, of course, can be contagious to people at home with him. "But in a house consisting of five people, only my father who was coughing and shortness of breath," he says.
Separately, Internal Medicine Specialist Hospital Abdul Aziz, Dr Dewa, a specialist who treats Ra explains, because the patient's house never happened chickens died suddenly about two months earlier, then the relevant secured in isolation. "This we do as precautions, until today (yesterday, red) after two days he was treated in isolation," he said.
Since being treated in isolation, the Ra examined intensively. Among them, about who complained of symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath, body temperature that feels cold when touched was hot.
Furthermore, examination of samples in the laboratory to determine whether Ra infected with bird flu or not. "Until now we can not assure that patients infected with bird flu or not, we still need to see progress. In the meantime, we have not lead to bird flu, "said God.
Having convinced through observation and others against Ra, then God will provide certainty regarding the condition of patients. Take at least another week.
God explained, cases like this the first time in Singkawang. final last year, namely infection of swine flu, not bird flu. "If avian influenza has never been, only this time there are suggestions that patients infected with bird flu," he concluded.
But this is still conjecture, so that God expects people not to panic response. Just remain vigilant against this deadly disease and to understand the early symptoms of the infected, in order to know early on and can be assigned the action as quickly as possible.
MordiadiRuang isolation Ra isolated place in the High Care Room Abdul Aziz Hospital Singkawang since two days laluSingkawang -
One chicken farmer in the area of Bukit Batu Singkawang, Ra, 70, was isolated in the High Care Room, Abdul Aziz Hospital Singkawang since two days ago. Grandfather allegedly infected with bird flu (Avian Influenza).
"Initially, he complained of cough and shortness of breath and feel chills when if we touch his body, feels hot," said Rus, daughter of Ra found in front of the High Care Room, Abdul Aziz Hospital Singkawang, yesterday (12 / 8).
The symptoms presented Rus occurred since four days ago, because the more severe, and her father was taken to Hope Joint Health Center. "The Hope Together suspect that my father was infected with bird flu," said Rus.
Because bird flu was suspected of being infected, the Joint Hope suggested that Ra was referred to Abdul Aziz Hospital. "They were taken to the hospital, because they do not have the equipment to check for infected or not from bird flu," said Rus.
On the advice of the Joint Health Center's Hope, was rushed to District Hospital Ra Abdul Aziz. "From the results of the examination while, according to the treating doctor, my father was not infected with bird flu, just that its development remains to be seen again a few days, hopefully not," please Rus.
He told us, suspected bird flu infection is strengthened because of what happened two months ago, when dozens of chickens died suddenly tail. "We do not report it, because as it was considered normal. Moreover, a neighbor's chickens also died, as was the season so, "said Rus.
In addition, Rus added, if the cause is due to Ra frequent contact with chickens, of course, can be contagious to people at home with him. "But in a house consisting of five people, only my father who was coughing and shortness of breath," he says.
Separately, Internal Medicine Specialist Hospital Abdul Aziz, Dr Dewa, a specialist who treats Ra explains, because the patient's house never happened chickens died suddenly about two months earlier, then the relevant secured in isolation. "This we do as precautions, until today (yesterday, red) after two days he was treated in isolation," he said.
Since being treated in isolation, the Ra examined intensively. Among them, about who complained of symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath, body temperature that feels cold when touched was hot.
Furthermore, examination of samples in the laboratory to determine whether Ra infected with bird flu or not. "Until now we can not assure that patients infected with bird flu or not, we still need to see progress. In the meantime, we have not lead to bird flu, "said God.
Having convinced through observation and others against Ra, then God will provide certainty regarding the condition of patients. Take at least another week.
God explained, cases like this the first time in Singkawang. final last year, namely infection of swine flu, not bird flu. "If avian influenza has never been, only this time there are suggestions that patients infected with bird flu," he concluded.
But this is still conjecture, so that God expects people not to panic response. Just remain vigilant against this deadly disease and to understand the early symptoms of the infected, in order to know early on and can be assigned the action as quickly as possible.
Patient Isolation Room Sign
Saturday, August 13, 2011, 11:55:00
Singkawang Singkawang-A resident of Central, the initials R had treated in isolation rooms Abdul Aziz Hospital since Thursday (11 / 8) night. The 70-year-old grandfather in suspected bird flu. Specialists in internal medicine Abdul Aziz Hospital, Dr. Dewa said previously admitted patients had a history of chickens died suddenly at his home two months ago. Then also complained cough for four days. Accompanied by fever. "We still observe the patient or her neighborhood. So it was still suspected that the patient is suspected of bird flu, "said God, Friday (12 / 8) told reporters when met at the hospital.
Long observation time, is said to god, also depends on the patient. And in one week later. Conclusions will be drawn. Because when taken to the hospital, patients no longer have a fever. "We continue to observe, and hopefully within one week of the existing conclusions can be drawn," katanya.Dugaan bird flu, he added, is the first time this has happened in RS Abdul Azis. As one of the referral hospital of bird flu in West Kalimantan. RS Abdul Aziz, better facilities and medicines are all available. "We are equipment and drugs ready. Because of this hospital as a referral Bird flu in West Kalimantan, "he said. For security and safety of all parties. patients should be treated in isolation space. Dr. Dewa was expecting her to the whole community. Equally pray for the good of the patient.
One Child R, Rus confirmed that two months ago his father's chickens died suddenly. Some neighbors had chickens experiencing the same thing. But what happened is considered normal. Thus did not report this incident. "Chickens that died were taken care of by the father (R), he just quietly alone. After the incident, the next two months. The father suffered chest tightness accompanied by body heat. Strangely, when held his body was cold. Seeing the incident, the family immediately brought to hospitals Singkawang Hope Together. "With Hope Hospital is the first time to diagnose bird flu is suspected. So that the private hospital and even then advised to immediately bring to the hospital Abdul Aziz, "Rus said, when met at the hospital to accompany his father outdoors. The family itself, he added, was surprised when his father suspected of having bird flu. But after in-patient at the Abdul Aziz Hospital, has improved. Body condition is no longer a fever.
Singkawang Singkawang-A resident of Central, the initials R had treated in isolation rooms Abdul Aziz Hospital since Thursday (11 / 8) night. The 70-year-old grandfather in suspected bird flu. Specialists in internal medicine Abdul Aziz Hospital, Dr. Dewa said previously admitted patients had a history of chickens died suddenly at his home two months ago. Then also complained cough for four days. Accompanied by fever. "We still observe the patient or her neighborhood. So it was still suspected that the patient is suspected of bird flu, "said God, Friday (12 / 8) told reporters when met at the hospital.
Long observation time, is said to god, also depends on the patient. And in one week later. Conclusions will be drawn. Because when taken to the hospital, patients no longer have a fever. "We continue to observe, and hopefully within one week of the existing conclusions can be drawn," katanya.Dugaan bird flu, he added, is the first time this has happened in RS Abdul Azis. As one of the referral hospital of bird flu in West Kalimantan. RS Abdul Aziz, better facilities and medicines are all available. "We are equipment and drugs ready. Because of this hospital as a referral Bird flu in West Kalimantan, "he said. For security and safety of all parties. patients should be treated in isolation space. Dr. Dewa was expecting her to the whole community. Equally pray for the good of the patient.
One Child R, Rus confirmed that two months ago his father's chickens died suddenly. Some neighbors had chickens experiencing the same thing. But what happened is considered normal. Thus did not report this incident. "Chickens that died were taken care of by the father (R), he just quietly alone. After the incident, the next two months. The father suffered chest tightness accompanied by body heat. Strangely, when held his body was cold. Seeing the incident, the family immediately brought to hospitals Singkawang Hope Together. "With Hope Hospital is the first time to diagnose bird flu is suspected. So that the private hospital and even then advised to immediately bring to the hospital Abdul Aziz, "Rus said, when met at the hospital to accompany his father outdoors. The family itself, he added, was surprised when his father suspected of having bird flu. But after in-patient at the Abdul Aziz Hospital, has improved. Body condition is no longer a fever.
Friday, August 12, 2011
Vietnam-Avian Flu threatened middle provinces
Because of the complicated weather, do not have vaccines for vaccination, plus routine small animal, avian influenza H5N1 was again strong in the central provinces.
Report of the Animal Health Agency Region III, to the date of 08.09.2011, the area of North Central has 11 bird flu outbreak less than 21 days.
In the province of Nghe An eight communes with a total of 5,081 birds were culled and the three communes of Quang Tri province has a total of over 4,000 children.
Report of the Animal Health Agency Region III, to the date of 08.09.2011, the area of North Central has 11 bird flu outbreak less than 21 days.
In the province of Nghe An eight communes with a total of 5,081 birds were culled and the three communes of Quang Tri province has a total of over 4,000 children.
Rusminah Fearing Bird Flu
Friday, August 12, 2011 20:31
Singkawang - Residents of Bukit Batu Village, Rusminah was worried about parents', R (70).
For when Rusminah take Mr. R to RS Hope Together, Thursday (11/08/2011) night, hospital officials declare R as suspect bird flu (H5N1).
That same evening, R directly referred to Dr. Abdul Aziz Hospital. After one night her parents to undergo treatment, Rusminah received good news from the hospitals.
"Last night I was worried. But now it's quiet. He said, my parents do not anything," said Tribune Rusminah when met at the Hospital Dr. Abdul Aziz, on Friday (08/12/2011).
According Rusminah Thursday night R fever. While since three days earlier, R cough and shortness of breath. Conditions so that makes Rusminah parents checked into the hospital.
R Rusminah and live different house, a distance of only a dozen meters. "In that house, my father lived with his mother and family my brother. There were five people in the house, but only the father is sick. Other good health," he said.
Rusminah said, his parents kept chickens in the number of tens. Two months ago there were dozens of dead chickens. On Tuesday (8/16/2011) and when R had fallen ill, a chickens also died without known cause.
According Rusminah, chicken deaths for residents in the neighborhood, was common. Including when two months ago her parents died a dozen chickens.
"Every year is like that. Not only my father is dead chicken, the chicken was also a lot of neighbors who died," he said.
Singkawang - Residents of Bukit Batu Village, Rusminah was worried about parents', R (70).
For when Rusminah take Mr. R to RS Hope Together, Thursday (11/08/2011) night, hospital officials declare R as suspect bird flu (H5N1).
That same evening, R directly referred to Dr. Abdul Aziz Hospital. After one night her parents to undergo treatment, Rusminah received good news from the hospitals.
"Last night I was worried. But now it's quiet. He said, my parents do not anything," said Tribune Rusminah when met at the Hospital Dr. Abdul Aziz, on Friday (08/12/2011).
According Rusminah Thursday night R fever. While since three days earlier, R cough and shortness of breath. Conditions so that makes Rusminah parents checked into the hospital.
R Rusminah and live different house, a distance of only a dozen meters. "In that house, my father lived with his mother and family my brother. There were five people in the house, but only the father is sick. Other good health," he said.
Rusminah said, his parents kept chickens in the number of tens. Two months ago there were dozens of dead chickens. On Tuesday (8/16/2011) and when R had fallen ill, a chickens also died without known cause.
According Rusminah, chicken deaths for residents in the neighborhood, was common. Including when two months ago her parents died a dozen chickens.
"Every year is like that. Not only my father is dead chicken, the chicken was also a lot of neighbors who died," he said.
Thursday, August 11, 2011
Bird Flu Attack One Village at Sidrap
Thursday, August 11, 2011 19:42:32 PM 70 HITS
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"I have not said whether Sidrap sterile from bird flu virus attacks. In fact, one another village which was originally declared it safe to influenza virus has been infecting one another village," said Head of Department of Livestock and Fisheries District Sidrap, Abd Aziz on Wednesday, 10 August.
Aziz lamented the lack of public awareness of the dangers of bird flu disease to livestock. In fact, beber Azis, the institute has conducted the socialization and education about the dangers and prevention of Avian Influenza in high-risk areas or areas that do not terwabah.
"But, it turns out there are still people who do not realize this by removing the chickens that died of bird flu in the river," he complained.
, The Head of District Health Office Sidrap HA Irwansyah, say, Sidrap declared bird flu endemic areas and resulted in the death of 235,000 poultry birds. Bird flu has attacked the 11 districts in Sidrap.
However, Irwansyah have not found any indication of the citizens affected by the AI virus. "Until now, not found in Sidrap residents who suspect bird flu," he said.
In Pinrang, public awareness of bird flu is quite high. It is recognized veterinarian, Elvi Martina. In fact, he explained, the AI virus had spread to the border Baranti (Sidrap) to Tiroang (Pinrang) and District Mattiro Bulo (Pinrang).
"In Pinrang, quickly controlled because the level of public awareness of the faster response. They immediately report any poultry that died suddenly had even one tail," said Elvi
IST
IST
Lying. Avian Influenza Control Officer Hj PDSR Syamsiar, while combing the farm declared endemic Avian Influenza (AI) or bird flu H5N1 in the village causes Tanete, Kec.Maritenggae, Wednesday, August 10.
Sidrap, DAWN - District Sidrap the egg and chicken production centers in South Sulawesi is not completely sterile from the H5N1 virus causing bird flu.
Information obtained DAWN, bird flu has been endemic in a village in the North Bulo Sidrap previously declared safe from viruses.
Lying. Avian Influenza Control Officer Hj PDSR Syamsiar, while combing the farm declared endemic Avian Influenza (AI) or bird flu H5N1 in the village causes Tanete, Kec.Maritenggae, Wednesday, August 10.
Sidrap, DAWN - District Sidrap the egg and chicken production centers in South Sulawesi is not completely sterile from the H5N1 virus causing bird flu.
"I have not said whether Sidrap sterile from bird flu virus attacks. In fact, one another village which was originally declared it safe to influenza virus has been infecting one another village," said Head of Department of Livestock and Fisheries District Sidrap, Abd Aziz on Wednesday, 10 August.
Aziz lamented the lack of public awareness of the dangers of bird flu disease to livestock. In fact, beber Azis, the institute has conducted the socialization and education about the dangers and prevention of Avian Influenza in high-risk areas or areas that do not terwabah.
"But, it turns out there are still people who do not realize this by removing the chickens that died of bird flu in the river," he complained.
, The Head of District Health Office Sidrap HA Irwansyah, say, Sidrap declared bird flu endemic areas and resulted in the death of 235,000 poultry birds. Bird flu has attacked the 11 districts in Sidrap.
However, Irwansyah have not found any indication of the citizens affected by the AI virus. "Until now, not found in Sidrap residents who suspect bird flu," he said.
In Pinrang, public awareness of bird flu is quite high. It is recognized veterinarian, Elvi Martina. In fact, he explained, the AI virus had spread to the border Baranti (Sidrap) to Tiroang (Pinrang) and District Mattiro Bulo (Pinrang).
"In Pinrang, quickly controlled because the level of public awareness of the faster response. They immediately report any poultry that died suddenly had even one tail," said Elvi
Sidrap,Indonesia ..likely 400,000 birds dead so far
Sentra's Largest Animal Attacks Bird Flu
FRIDAY, 11 AUGUST 2011
Sidrap - Tanete Village, District Maritengngae known as one of the largest centers of layer chicken farms in the district Sidrap again attacked by the bird flu outbreak.
This is well proved, that the deaths of poultry from bird flu had been declining, but by no means been declared sterile. H5NI deadly virus is thought to re-plagued large number of farms in the village of Tanete, District Maritengngae,. Even so, employers chickens at the site of the largest egg sac was closed and seemed reluctant to report a dead chicken.
Indication of the H5N1 virus outbreaks re Tanete or location in the village centers of the largest farms in this Sidrap, allowed the Head of Animal Husbandry Department (Disnak) Sidrap, H Abd Azis. "No ethical entrepreneur's name, but the suspicion of bird flu in the village was almost true. Therefore, today we have dropped the entire stock of 60 thousand doses of vaccine over there," Aziz said when contacted Wednesday, August 10, yesterday.
The issue today, advanced Azis, not all employers chickens, laying hens, especially farmers in the village of Tanete would open with what happened to him. In fact, the information is necessary no matter how small government. "That's the problem. Maybe with his closed it, deems could help them from losses due to bird flu. In fact, the facts do not, but the evidence is endemic egg and chicken prices remained stable and even increased," Azis palm. Aziz explained so far, cases of poultry deaths was far fewer than a few days ago.
Total poultry deaths has reached 235 thousand whole tail. These data, beyond the dead chickens that were not reported to Disnak residents. "According to the data that goes into the dead birds as much as 235 Disnak tail. But I expect that all, including dead chickens that are not reported to reach approximately 400 thousand heads." Azis said. Based on the calculations, the loss of farmers over bird flu outbreak in Sidrap reached more than Rp20 billion. "Count-count by comparing the average price of such worth Rp60 thousand laying hens, broilers and chicken Rp25 Rp30 thousand thousand each tail," he said. Compared to last 2005 events, where the chicken deaths of nearly 400 thousand birds, the current outbreak is much worse.
The assumption, said Aziz, the current population is very much compared to 2005, but not before residents can barely do anything and no terms of vaccine. The difference is now the virus can be overcome, "ketusnya.
FRIDAY, 11 AUGUST 2011
Sidrap - Tanete Village, District Maritengngae known as one of the largest centers of layer chicken farms in the district Sidrap again attacked by the bird flu outbreak.
This is well proved, that the deaths of poultry from bird flu had been declining, but by no means been declared sterile. H5NI deadly virus is thought to re-plagued large number of farms in the village of Tanete, District Maritengngae,. Even so, employers chickens at the site of the largest egg sac was closed and seemed reluctant to report a dead chicken.
Indication of the H5N1 virus outbreaks re Tanete or location in the village centers of the largest farms in this Sidrap, allowed the Head of Animal Husbandry Department (Disnak) Sidrap, H Abd Azis. "No ethical entrepreneur's name, but the suspicion of bird flu in the village was almost true. Therefore, today we have dropped the entire stock of 60 thousand doses of vaccine over there," Aziz said when contacted Wednesday, August 10, yesterday.
The issue today, advanced Azis, not all employers chickens, laying hens, especially farmers in the village of Tanete would open with what happened to him. In fact, the information is necessary no matter how small government. "That's the problem. Maybe with his closed it, deems could help them from losses due to bird flu. In fact, the facts do not, but the evidence is endemic egg and chicken prices remained stable and even increased," Azis palm. Aziz explained so far, cases of poultry deaths was far fewer than a few days ago.
Total poultry deaths has reached 235 thousand whole tail. These data, beyond the dead chickens that were not reported to Disnak residents. "According to the data that goes into the dead birds as much as 235 Disnak tail. But I expect that all, including dead chickens that are not reported to reach approximately 400 thousand heads." Azis said. Based on the calculations, the loss of farmers over bird flu outbreak in Sidrap reached more than Rp20 billion. "Count-count by comparing the average price of such worth Rp60 thousand laying hens, broilers and chicken Rp25 Rp30 thousand thousand each tail," he said. Compared to last 2005 events, where the chicken deaths of nearly 400 thousand birds, the current outbreak is much worse.
The assumption, said Aziz, the current population is very much compared to 2005, but not before residents can barely do anything and no terms of vaccine. The difference is now the virus can be overcome, "ketusnya.
Sunday, August 7, 2011
Medicago reports positive Phase II final results for its avian flu pandemic vaccine
QUEBEC CITY, Jun 30, 2011, 2011
- Phase II part B confirms results obtained in Phase II part A -
- Company's results continue to be amongst the best for influenza vaccine manufacturing technologies -
Medicago Inc. (TSX: MDG) a biotechnology company focused on developing highly effective and competitive vaccines based on proprietary manufacturing technologies and Virus-Like Particles (VLPs), today reported positive final results from a Phase II human clinical trial with its H5N1 Avian Influenza VLP vaccine candidate ("H5N1 vaccine"). The vaccine induced a solid immune response and was found to be safe and well tolerated.
"These positive Phase II clinical trial results continue to demonstrate that our rapid plant-based vaccine technology produces VLP vaccines that are safe and among the most effective of the industry," said Andy Sheldon, President and CEO of Medicago. "Our Phase II part B data confirms the solid results obtained in Phase II part A for optimal dosing. In addition, our results demonstrated similar efficacy in the older and younger volunteer age groups which is a potential differential advantage over other technologies."
"We soon expect to have the capacity to commercially produce these vaccines as our U.S. vaccine facility in North Carolina will be operational this fall. In addition, we believe these results further support the effectiveness of our rapid plant-based vaccine platform and the development of our seasonal flu vaccine candidate which we intend to proceed with a U.S. clinical trial in the second half of the year," continued Mr. Sheldon.
[click on title for full article]
- Phase II part B confirms results obtained in Phase II part A -
- Company's results continue to be amongst the best for influenza vaccine manufacturing technologies -
Medicago Inc. (TSX: MDG) a biotechnology company focused on developing highly effective and competitive vaccines based on proprietary manufacturing technologies and Virus-Like Particles (VLPs), today reported positive final results from a Phase II human clinical trial with its H5N1 Avian Influenza VLP vaccine candidate ("H5N1 vaccine"). The vaccine induced a solid immune response and was found to be safe and well tolerated.
"These positive Phase II clinical trial results continue to demonstrate that our rapid plant-based vaccine technology produces VLP vaccines that are safe and among the most effective of the industry," said Andy Sheldon, President and CEO of Medicago. "Our Phase II part B data confirms the solid results obtained in Phase II part A for optimal dosing. In addition, our results demonstrated similar efficacy in the older and younger volunteer age groups which is a potential differential advantage over other technologies."
"We soon expect to have the capacity to commercially produce these vaccines as our U.S. vaccine facility in North Carolina will be operational this fall. In addition, we believe these results further support the effectiveness of our rapid plant-based vaccine platform and the development of our seasonal flu vaccine candidate which we intend to proceed with a U.S. clinical trial in the second half of the year," continued Mr. Sheldon.
[click on title for full article]
FDA Authorizes New Hemispherx Biopharma Clinical Trial of Intranasal Ampligen(R) With Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
Press Release Source: Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc. On Wednesday July 20, 2011, 8:00 am EDT
First Clinical Application of Ampligen(R) Intranasally
Excerpt:
PHILADELPHIA, July 20, 2011 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc. (NYSE Amex:HEB) (the "Company" or "Hemispherx") today announced it has received U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA) authorization to proceed with the initiation of a new clinical trial of intranasal Ampligen(R) [rintatolimod; poly(I).poly(C12,U)] used in conjunction with commercially approved seasonal influenza vaccine. The FDA authorization also requests that certain protocol amendments and pre-clinical items be filed to the Investigational New Drug (IND) Application; these requests are not expected to affect the implementation or timing of the clinical study which will involve healthy volunteers. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of three cycles of intranasal Ampligen(R) administered three days following each intranasal dose of seasonal influenza vaccine. Other objectives include evaluation of various immune responses to the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine administered intranasally with and without Ampligen(R). Ampligen(R), a toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist, is an experimental therapeutic in advanced clinical development for the potential treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), an enigmatic disorder which may have certain viral "footprints".
-snip-
A similar study of Ampligen(R) and a seasonal influenza vaccine in mice resulted in cross-protection of the mice against a pandemic form of avian influenza (H5N1). Evidence for cross-reactivity against pandemic forms of avian H5N1 influenza virus will be investigated as one of the objectives of this study. One goal of this approach is to generate protective mucosal immunity against newly emerging strains of H5N1 with pandemic potential using Ampligen(R) as a mucosal adjuvant with trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine.
First Clinical Application of Ampligen(R) Intranasally
Excerpt:
PHILADELPHIA, July 20, 2011 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc. (NYSE Amex:HEB) (the "Company" or "Hemispherx") today announced it has received U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA) authorization to proceed with the initiation of a new clinical trial of intranasal Ampligen(R) [rintatolimod; poly(I).poly(C12,U)] used in conjunction with commercially approved seasonal influenza vaccine. The FDA authorization also requests that certain protocol amendments and pre-clinical items be filed to the Investigational New Drug (IND) Application; these requests are not expected to affect the implementation or timing of the clinical study which will involve healthy volunteers. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of three cycles of intranasal Ampligen(R) administered three days following each intranasal dose of seasonal influenza vaccine. Other objectives include evaluation of various immune responses to the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine administered intranasally with and without Ampligen(R). Ampligen(R), a toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist, is an experimental therapeutic in advanced clinical development for the potential treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), an enigmatic disorder which may have certain viral "footprints".
-snip-
A similar study of Ampligen(R) and a seasonal influenza vaccine in mice resulted in cross-protection of the mice against a pandemic form of avian influenza (H5N1). Evidence for cross-reactivity against pandemic forms of avian H5N1 influenza virus will be investigated as one of the objectives of this study. One goal of this approach is to generate protective mucosal immunity against newly emerging strains of H5N1 with pandemic potential using Ampligen(R) as a mucosal adjuvant with trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine.
Harnessing the immune system's arsenal: producing human monoclonal antibodies for therapeutics and investigating immune responses
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody technology has undergone rapid and innovative reinvention over the last 30 years. Application of these technologies to human samples revealed valuable therapeutic and experimental insights. These technologies, each with their own benefits and flaws, have proven indispensable for immunological research and in our fight to provide new treatments and improved vaccines for infectious disease.
Introduction
Excerpt:
This article will explore the history and current state of monoclonal antibody technology and how it has contributed to therapeutics, both through direct clinical treatments and by providing valuable insights into host–pathogen interactions. Importantly, we will highlight how these technologies help identify factors that produce broadly neutralizing antibodies—antibodies that by virtue of binding to certain epitopes important in the viral life cycle, are able to bind many disparate viral strains and prevent them from infecting their target cells. These antibodies are vital in effective therapeutics and, ultimately, successful vaccine design.
In conclusion
Excerpt:
The current state of monoclonal antibody technology is enabling exciting advancements in immunotherapies and understanding of host–pathogen interactions. Maybe more importantly, it is now evident that insight into our natural immune responses can facilitate rational vaccine development. Thus, the most important lessons may be those we’ve garnered from our bodies’ natural responses; not only can we can capitalize on our strengths, such as targeting of specific pathogenic epitopes, but we can also compensate for our inherent weaknesses, such as the rarity of our most powerful antibodies. In the end, the information we gather from monoclonal antibody technology may be more important than the direct attainment of therapeutics (borrowing from an old adage, catch a man a fish and he’ll eat for a day, but teach a man to fish and he’ll eat for a lifetime). Similarly, by studying what antibodies can teach us, we may someday produce vaccines that eradicate many infectious diseases that have a profound impact on human health such as influenza, hepatitis, or HIV.
Monoclonal antibody technology has undergone rapid and innovative reinvention over the last 30 years. Application of these technologies to human samples revealed valuable therapeutic and experimental insights. These technologies, each with their own benefits and flaws, have proven indispensable for immunological research and in our fight to provide new treatments and improved vaccines for infectious disease.
Introduction
Excerpt:
This article will explore the history and current state of monoclonal antibody technology and how it has contributed to therapeutics, both through direct clinical treatments and by providing valuable insights into host–pathogen interactions. Importantly, we will highlight how these technologies help identify factors that produce broadly neutralizing antibodies—antibodies that by virtue of binding to certain epitopes important in the viral life cycle, are able to bind many disparate viral strains and prevent them from infecting their target cells. These antibodies are vital in effective therapeutics and, ultimately, successful vaccine design.
In conclusion
Excerpt:
The current state of monoclonal antibody technology is enabling exciting advancements in immunotherapies and understanding of host–pathogen interactions. Maybe more importantly, it is now evident that insight into our natural immune responses can facilitate rational vaccine development. Thus, the most important lessons may be those we’ve garnered from our bodies’ natural responses; not only can we can capitalize on our strengths, such as targeting of specific pathogenic epitopes, but we can also compensate for our inherent weaknesses, such as the rarity of our most powerful antibodies. In the end, the information we gather from monoclonal antibody technology may be more important than the direct attainment of therapeutics (borrowing from an old adage, catch a man a fish and he’ll eat for a day, but teach a man to fish and he’ll eat for a lifetime). Similarly, by studying what antibodies can teach us, we may someday produce vaccines that eradicate many infectious diseases that have a profound impact on human health such as influenza, hepatitis, or HIV.
Ottawa prepares for annual wild bird survey to detect bird-flu levels
August 5, 2011
OTTAWA — Food inspection agents are gearing up to conduct their annual survey of wild birds to check current levels of avian influenza.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency issued an advance contract notice, which closes next week, for companies interested in overseeing the survey, which examines both dead and live birds all over the country and detects levels and patterns of bird flu.
The study, first launched in 2005, identifies disease-causing strains, such as the deadly H5N1, in wild geese, ducks, swans and other fowl so government officials can better determine how to stop their spread should there be an outbreak.
Read more: http://www.canada.com/health/Ottawa+prepares+annual+wild+bird+survey+detect+bird+levels/5213642/story.html#ixzz1UKvnvuOW
OTTAWA — Food inspection agents are gearing up to conduct their annual survey of wild birds to check current levels of avian influenza.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency issued an advance contract notice, which closes next week, for companies interested in overseeing the survey, which examines both dead and live birds all over the country and detects levels and patterns of bird flu.
The study, first launched in 2005, identifies disease-causing strains, such as the deadly H5N1, in wild geese, ducks, swans and other fowl so government officials can better determine how to stop their spread should there be an outbreak.
Read more: http://www.canada.com/health/Ottawa+prepares+annual+wild+bird+survey+detect+bird+levels/5213642/story.html#ixzz1UKvnvuOW
Friday, August 5, 2011
Vietnam: Avian influenza reappeared in Nghe An in Poultry
05/08/2011
Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development said on 4 / 8, bird flu has reappeared in Nghe An.
Thus, in the province there were two bird flu appears again and Nghe An Phu Tho is.
Before that, from 17-28/7, service occurred in five households in communes and towns is the town Quan Hanh Nghi Dien Commune, Nghi Hoa Nghi Thuan and Phuong Nghi Nghi Loc district. The total number of infected poultry is 1,494 children (including 32 chickens and 1,462 ducks).
Currently, to ensure the prevention of epidemic, Department of Veterinary Nghe An province is working with local authorities implemented measures to prevent and combat service as prescribed.
Last time, the disease of cattle and poultry basically been controlled, the country no longer appears blue ear disease and foot and mouth disease, the province has focused on development of livestock to ensure supply as well as contributing to price stabilization. /.
Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development said on 4 / 8, bird flu has reappeared in Nghe An.
Thus, in the province there were two bird flu appears again and Nghe An Phu Tho is.
Before that, from 17-28/7, service occurred in five households in communes and towns is the town Quan Hanh Nghi Dien Commune, Nghi Hoa Nghi Thuan and Phuong Nghi Nghi Loc district. The total number of infected poultry is 1,494 children (including 32 chickens and 1,462 ducks).
Currently, to ensure the prevention of epidemic, Department of Veterinary Nghe An province is working with local authorities implemented measures to prevent and combat service as prescribed.
Last time, the disease of cattle and poultry basically been controlled, the country no longer appears blue ear disease and foot and mouth disease, the province has focused on development of livestock to ensure supply as well as contributing to price stabilization. /.
Thursday, August 4, 2011
Medical staff died from bird flu
Yes a very confusing story..
Wednesday, August 03, 2011 6:49:56 PM
SAIGON (DT) - Avian influenza appeared suddenly in Saigon last week a woman died and a baby admitted to hospital for treatment.
A sale of poultry at the market she is the chicken in the cage. (Image: Hoang Dinh Nam / AFP / Getty Images)
According to Dan Tri newspaper, the victim died of bird flu this stage she TTHT 25-year-old resident of An Phu Commune, Binh Chanh District, staff clinics in Le Minh Xuan Binh Chanh District.
Relatives of Ms. H.T. said Mrs. T. high fever before, taking on not feeling much relieved. When the condition becomes severe, it took her T. the district hospital treatment but no relief. Ms. T. then transferred to the hospital Nguyen Tri Phuong continue treatment but not saved. Tests showed Ms T. H1N1 avian influenza infection.
Until early August, her grandchildren T. 18 months new name began TNTV fever. Blood tests showed positive for the virus H1N1 baby. Baby V. was immediately taken to hospital treatment.
According to Dan Tri, after a lull, bird flu reappeared in Binh Chanh District. Preventive health centers must implement zoning measures to avoid spread of disease following the death of Mrs. T. (PL)
Wednesday, August 03, 2011 6:49:56 PM
SAIGON (DT) - Avian influenza appeared suddenly in Saigon last week a woman died and a baby admitted to hospital for treatment.
A sale of poultry at the market she is the chicken in the cage. (Image: Hoang Dinh Nam / AFP / Getty Images)
According to Dan Tri newspaper, the victim died of bird flu this stage she TTHT 25-year-old resident of An Phu Commune, Binh Chanh District, staff clinics in Le Minh Xuan Binh Chanh District.
Relatives of Ms. H.T. said Mrs. T. high fever before, taking on not feeling much relieved. When the condition becomes severe, it took her T. the district hospital treatment but no relief. Ms. T. then transferred to the hospital Nguyen Tri Phuong continue treatment but not saved. Tests showed Ms T. H1N1 avian influenza infection.
Until early August, her grandchildren T. 18 months new name began TNTV fever. Blood tests showed positive for the virus H1N1 baby. Baby V. was immediately taken to hospital treatment.
According to Dan Tri, after a lull, bird flu reappeared in Binh Chanh District. Preventive health centers must implement zoning measures to avoid spread of disease following the death of Mrs. T. (PL)
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
UN confirms avian flu death in Cambodian girl, case in Egypt
Date: Tue 2 Aug 2011
Source: CIDRAP (Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy) News
[edited]
<http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/avianflu/news/aug0211fluscan.html>
------------------------------------------------------------
Cambodia
--------
The World Health Organization (WHO) today [2 Aug 2011] confirmed
previous media reports of a fatal case of H5N1 avian influenza in a
4-year-old girl in Cambodia [see also: Avian influenza, human (52):
Cambodia (BM) 20110729.2279]. The girl was from Chork Reaksmey village
in Banteay Meanchey province, the WHO said, citing the Cambodian
health ministry. She got sick on 11 Jul 2011, was initially treated by
local private practitioners, was hospitalized on 18 Jul 2011, and died
2 days later, the agency said. Poultry deaths have been reported in
the girl's village, and she was said to have been exposed to dead
poultry, the statement said. 13 contacts of the girl were tested for
H5N1, all with negative results, and enhanced surveillance at local
medical facilities has yielded no evidence of increases in flu-like
illness or severe respiratory infections (see Avian influenza -
situation in Cambodia - WHO update 5
<http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_08_02/en/index.html>).
Meanwhile, H5N1 recently killed 100 backyard chickens and ducks at 2
villages elsewhere in Banteay Meanchey province, according to a report
that Cambodia filed yesterday [1 Aug 2011] with the World Organization
for Animal Health (OIE). Officials culled another 480 birds to stop
the outbreak, the report said. The source of the outbreak was listed
as unknown.
[According to the WHO table of confirmed human cases of avian A/(H5N1)
virus infection
(<http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2011_08_02/en/index.html>)
as of 2 Aug 2011 there have now been 556 cases globally and 325
fatalities. 16 of the cases and 14 fatalities have occurred in
Cambodia.
The location of Banteay Meanchey province can be found in the map of
the provinces of Cambodia at
<http://www.canbypublications.com/maps/simpleprov.htm>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Cambodia can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/15wU>. - Mod.CP]
Egypt
-----
In addition, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) today [2 Aug 2011] confirmed a case of highly pathogenic avian
influenza in Egypt. The FAO report [available at
<http://empres-i.fao.org/empres-i/2/obd?idOutbreak=164064] said the
case was in Al Beheira governorate in the northern part of the country
but supplied no details of the age and sex of the person and how
transmission likely occurred. A positive test was confirmed on 27 Jul
2011.
Source: CIDRAP (Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy) News
[edited]
<http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/avianflu/news/aug0211fluscan.html>
------------------------------------------------------------
Cambodia
--------
The World Health Organization (WHO) today [2 Aug 2011] confirmed
previous media reports of a fatal case of H5N1 avian influenza in a
4-year-old girl in Cambodia [see also: Avian influenza, human (52):
Cambodia (BM) 20110729.2279]. The girl was from Chork Reaksmey village
in Banteay Meanchey province, the WHO said, citing the Cambodian
health ministry. She got sick on 11 Jul 2011, was initially treated by
local private practitioners, was hospitalized on 18 Jul 2011, and died
2 days later, the agency said. Poultry deaths have been reported in
the girl's village, and she was said to have been exposed to dead
poultry, the statement said. 13 contacts of the girl were tested for
H5N1, all with negative results, and enhanced surveillance at local
medical facilities has yielded no evidence of increases in flu-like
illness or severe respiratory infections (see Avian influenza -
situation in Cambodia - WHO update 5
<http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_08_02/en/index.html>).
Meanwhile, H5N1 recently killed 100 backyard chickens and ducks at 2
villages elsewhere in Banteay Meanchey province, according to a report
that Cambodia filed yesterday [1 Aug 2011] with the World Organization
for Animal Health (OIE). Officials culled another 480 birds to stop
the outbreak, the report said. The source of the outbreak was listed
as unknown.
[According to the WHO table of confirmed human cases of avian A/(H5N1)
virus infection
(<http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2011_08_02/en/index.html>)
as of 2 Aug 2011 there have now been 556 cases globally and 325
fatalities. 16 of the cases and 14 fatalities have occurred in
Cambodia.
The location of Banteay Meanchey province can be found in the map of
the provinces of Cambodia at
<http://www.canbypublications.com/maps/simpleprov.htm>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Cambodia can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/15wU>. - Mod.CP]
Egypt
-----
In addition, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) today [2 Aug 2011] confirmed a case of highly pathogenic avian
influenza in Egypt. The FAO report [available at
<http://empres-i.fao.org/empres-i/2/obd?idOutbreak=164064] said the
case was in Al Beheira governorate in the northern part of the country
but supplied no details of the age and sex of the person and how
transmission likely occurred. A positive test was confirmed on 27 Jul
2011.
Anticipation of AI with Turmeric
K24-11 Glori K. Wadrianto Wednesday, August 3, 2011 20:12 pm
Thousands of deadly bird flu virus in chickens Polewali Mandar. 1
Sidrap, KOMPAS.com - Attack avian influenza (AI) or bird flu is still haunting farms in 11 districts in Sidrap, South Sulawesi.
Although relatively little appeal in the peak of bird flu in July 2001, but the attack was a chicken farmer concerns at the center of the largest chicken farms in the South Sulawesi.
Until this afternoon, Wednesday (08/03/2011), there were already 215,938 chickens that died suddenly due to bird flu. This type of laying chicken is a type of chicken the most attacked that amounted to 161,584 head, followed by type of broiler chicken and chicken instead of the tail 40 005 22 593 race tail.
"So far bird flu is under control in the District Sidrap. Even if there are chickens and other fowl that died suddenly due to bird flu, is relatively much smaller scale," Chief District Veterinary Sidrap Sadelih.
Separately, Syamsiah, Bird Flu Response Officer (PSDR) said this year is the third year, the District Sidrap zoned for bird flu outbreak, which originated from the village Wanio, District Panca Lotang, who attacked the farm owned by H Jafar laying hens.
"Beginning with the death of 300 chickens owned by Jafar, ranchers Wanio. Testing with rapid tests indicate that if the chickens owned by residents is positive of bird flu. From there, the virus quickly spread to 11 other districts," he explained.
In addition to spraying, to save the other birds that have not been exposed to the virus, given turmeric and brown sugar in a way in Drinks. It is fairly powerful, in addition to minimizing the use disinvektan whose numbers dwindling.
"Turmeric contains anti-oxidants that serve to minimize the virus and anti-biotic substances to poultry and red sugar serves to maintain stamina chicken," he explained.
Tuesday, August 2, 2011
UNDIAGNOSED DIE-OFF, DUCKS - CHINA, THAILAND: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
A ProMED-mail post
Date: Tue 2 Aug 2011
From: Arnon Shimshony <arnon@promedmail.org> [edited]
According to a reliable source, mass mortality in duck breeding
flocks, reaching very large dimensions, has been observed recently in
China; a similar event was later observed in Thailand. Though no
further details (age groups, clinical signs, post-mortem changes, etc)
have become available, the event was considered by the source to be an
emerging (new?) infectious (viral?) disease.
Any available information -- confirmatory or otherwise -- and
complementary epidemiological, diagnostic, and/or geographical data,
will be much appreciated.
--
Arnon Shimshony
Date: Tue 2 Aug 2011
From: Arnon Shimshony <arnon@promedmail.org> [edited]
According to a reliable source, mass mortality in duck breeding
flocks, reaching very large dimensions, has been observed recently in
China; a similar event was later observed in Thailand. Though no
further details (age groups, clinical signs, post-mortem changes, etc)
have become available, the event was considered by the source to be an
emerging (new?) infectious (viral?) disease.
Any available information -- confirmatory or otherwise -- and
complementary epidemiological, diagnostic, and/or geographical data,
will be much appreciated.
--
Arnon Shimshony
Chicken in Makassar Safe for Consumption...says Indonesia..
Eastern Tribune - Tuesday, August 2, 2011 22:34
Makassar, Tribun-TIMUR.COM - Marine Service, Fisheries, Livestock and Horticulture Makassar City asserts that the meat on the market during Ramadan is safe for residents although few weeks before entering the Ramadan found positive bird flu virus in several regencies in South Sulawesi.
"We conduct regular monitoring and all meats are traded on the market Makassar safe for consumption, either chicken, beef, goat and others," said Head of the Department of Marine, Fisheries, Livestock and Horticulture Syaiful Saleh Makassar in Makassar, on Tuesday (2 / 8 / 2011).
He said the consumption of meat during Ramadan is high enough and to ensure the meat consumed by the residents safe, the institute routine monitoring on the traditional market and modern market.
Tightened oversight of meat imports into the city of Makassar, following the discovery that the import of meat outdated and not worth the consumption of a few weeks ago.
"The tightening oversight of meat imports, to anticipate the presence of inappropriate consumption of meat and can endanger health, especially at the present time we want to provide reassurance to residents who are running fast," he said.
According to him, ,,,
Makassar, Tribun-TIMUR.COM - Marine Service, Fisheries, Livestock and Horticulture Makassar City asserts that the meat on the market during Ramadan is safe for residents although few weeks before entering the Ramadan found positive bird flu virus in several regencies in South Sulawesi.
"We conduct regular monitoring and all meats are traded on the market Makassar safe for consumption, either chicken, beef, goat and others," said Head of the Department of Marine, Fisheries, Livestock and Horticulture Syaiful Saleh Makassar in Makassar, on Tuesday (2 / 8 / 2011).
He said the consumption of meat during Ramadan is high enough and to ensure the meat consumed by the residents safe, the institute routine monitoring on the traditional market and modern market.
Tightened oversight of meat imports into the city of Makassar, following the discovery that the import of meat outdated and not worth the consumption of a few weeks ago.
"The tightening oversight of meat imports, to anticipate the presence of inappropriate consumption of meat and can endanger health, especially at the present time we want to provide reassurance to residents who are running fast," he said.
According to him, ,,,
The spread of Bird Flu Spreads Kian
Reny Sri Ayu Taslim Agus Mulyadi Tuesday, August 2, 2011 22:30 pm
HAMMER, KOMPAS.com - Since the outbreak early July, the spread of bird flu virus in Palu, Central Sulawesi, and the surrounding areas are increasingly widespread.
Until Tuesday (08/02/2011) was reported, had hundreds of chickens or birds that died suddenly. Even on a Tuesday afternoon, still happen livestock cases of sudden death. Efforts have been done spraying the Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and marine Palu but the results have not been up.
"Spraying is not maximized because of the new enclosure's farmer sprayed the report. There was the case but the owner did not report, still not dis emprot. We also constrained the lack of disinfectants," said Hasniwaty, Head of Livestock, Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine City Palu, on Tuesday.
According Hidnawaty, efforts to suppress the spread of bird flu virus that made the Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine Palu hampered lack of disinfectant. For spraying purposes, by far the disinfectant used is a residual stock of last year. This year, there has been no provision for the disinfectant.
"We've asked the city government to hold a disinfectant. This year there is no provision, because last year free of bird flu Palu. So for the only remaining stock that we use. We do not yet know how many are needed, but for a while based on the number of cases We need at least 10 dos disinfectant. One dos typically contains 12 doses, "said Hasniwaty.
Based on field data on the Agriculture Department of Animal Husbandry, Forestry, and Marine Palu, of which there are 43 urban villages, as many as eight of whom are stricken with bird flu. Urban Village, among others Donggala Kodi, South Lolu, Tana Modindi, Duyu, Kamonji, North Tatura, Talise, as well as the Middle Besusu.
Initially pigeon bird flu attacking livestock in the village of Donggala Kodi. Furthermore, the attacks spread to poultry and neighboring districts, up to now total there are eight districts affected by the number of livestock that died more than 300's tail.
Related to this, the mayor of Palu, Rusdi Mastura, issued a circular letter 443.1/270/Disperhutla numbers, to all district head to anticipate the growing spread of bird flu. The district head of whom was asked to do spraying disinfectant into the cages of livestock owned by residents.
In addition, agencies and the subdistrict was also ordered to monitor incoming traffic kaluar chicken and from Palu. It is suspected bird flu through poultry originating from outside the city of Palu, but no one has known from the area where it came from. In addition, the bird flu virus is also thought to spread due to weather changes from rain to heat.
HAMMER, KOMPAS.com - Since the outbreak early July, the spread of bird flu virus in Palu, Central Sulawesi, and the surrounding areas are increasingly widespread.
Until Tuesday (08/02/2011) was reported, had hundreds of chickens or birds that died suddenly. Even on a Tuesday afternoon, still happen livestock cases of sudden death. Efforts have been done spraying the Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and marine Palu but the results have not been up.
"Spraying is not maximized because of the new enclosure's farmer sprayed the report. There was the case but the owner did not report, still not dis emprot. We also constrained the lack of disinfectants," said Hasniwaty, Head of Livestock, Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine City Palu, on Tuesday.
According Hidnawaty, efforts to suppress the spread of bird flu virus that made the Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine Palu hampered lack of disinfectant. For spraying purposes, by far the disinfectant used is a residual stock of last year. This year, there has been no provision for the disinfectant.
"We've asked the city government to hold a disinfectant. This year there is no provision, because last year free of bird flu Palu. So for the only remaining stock that we use. We do not yet know how many are needed, but for a while based on the number of cases We need at least 10 dos disinfectant. One dos typically contains 12 doses, "said Hasniwaty.
Based on field data on the Agriculture Department of Animal Husbandry, Forestry, and Marine Palu, of which there are 43 urban villages, as many as eight of whom are stricken with bird flu. Urban Village, among others Donggala Kodi, South Lolu, Tana Modindi, Duyu, Kamonji, North Tatura, Talise, as well as the Middle Besusu.
Initially pigeon bird flu attacking livestock in the village of Donggala Kodi. Furthermore, the attacks spread to poultry and neighboring districts, up to now total there are eight districts affected by the number of livestock that died more than 300's tail.
Related to this, the mayor of Palu, Rusdi Mastura, issued a circular letter 443.1/270/Disperhutla numbers, to all district head to anticipate the growing spread of bird flu. The district head of whom was asked to do spraying disinfectant into the cages of livestock owned by residents.
In addition, agencies and the subdistrict was also ordered to monitor incoming traffic kaluar chicken and from Palu. It is suspected bird flu through poultry originating from outside the city of Palu, but no one has known from the area where it came from. In addition, the bird flu virus is also thought to spread due to weather changes from rain to heat.
Bird Flu Not Attacking Humans..says Indonesia
Medan Tribune - Monday, August 1, 2011 23:04
Tribun-MEDAN.com, Cape Redeb - A few days after the H5N1 virus or bird flu attacked poultry and causing dozens of chickens died suddenly discovered in several places, the current samapai Berau District Health department has not mnerima reports these viruses infect humans move their host.
This was conveyed by the Chief Medical Officer of Berau District, Augustine Monday (1 / 8). He said although there has been no incoming virus Reports mejangkiti citizens, but as a precaution he has been coordinating with local hospitals to prepare Rumaha special handling if encountered a patient who diketahuai terangkit virus.
"Step preventivnya it and then if there pendemi anatara man to man we will prepare the hospital for such a special space membeuat but if today we are still in the community," he said
In addition to assuage fears in the midst of the people he was with relevant technical agencies are also regularly held on angkah p enyuluhan measures to prevent the spread of bird flu, especially in areas that had attacked the virus.
Tribun-MEDAN.com, Cape Redeb - A few days after the H5N1 virus or bird flu attacked poultry and causing dozens of chickens died suddenly discovered in several places, the current samapai Berau District Health department has not mnerima reports these viruses infect humans move their host.
This was conveyed by the Chief Medical Officer of Berau District, Augustine Monday (1 / 8). He said although there has been no incoming virus Reports mejangkiti citizens, but as a precaution he has been coordinating with local hospitals to prepare Rumaha special handling if encountered a patient who diketahuai terangkit virus.
"Step preventivnya it and then if there pendemi anatara man to man we will prepare the hospital for such a special space membeuat but if today we are still in the community," he said
In addition to assuage fears in the midst of the people he was with relevant technical agencies are also regularly held on angkah p enyuluhan measures to prevent the spread of bird flu, especially in areas that had attacked the virus.
WHO Update: Avian influenza – situation in Cambodia - update 5
2 August 2011 - The Ministry of Health (MoH) of the Kingdom of Cambodia has announced a confirmed case of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus.
The case was a 4 year old female from Chork Reaksmey Village, Rohath Teuk Comune, Mongkul Borei District, Banteay Meanchey Province. She developed symptoms on 11 July, was initially treated by local private practitioners with no effect and was later admitted to Jayavarma VII Hospital on 18 July. She died on 20 July, two days after admission.
There have been reports of poultry die off in her village and the case is reported to have had exposure to dead poultry. The female is the seventeenth person in Cambodia to become infected with the H5N1 virus and the fifteenth to die from complications of the disease. All seven cases of H5N1 infections in humans in Cambodia this year have been fatal.
The National and local Rapid Response Team (RRT) is conducting outbreak investigation and response following the national protocol.
There is no evidence of increased ILI activity in the local health centre or any increase in number of SARI cases from the affected village. Thirteen contacts were tested for A/H5N1 influenza, all of whom were negative. There is enhanced surveillance for ILI and SARI in the local health centre and hospital for a further two weeks. Health education messages are ongoing in the community.
The case was a 4 year old female from Chork Reaksmey Village, Rohath Teuk Comune, Mongkul Borei District, Banteay Meanchey Province. She developed symptoms on 11 July, was initially treated by local private practitioners with no effect and was later admitted to Jayavarma VII Hospital on 18 July. She died on 20 July, two days after admission.
There have been reports of poultry die off in her village and the case is reported to have had exposure to dead poultry. The female is the seventeenth person in Cambodia to become infected with the H5N1 virus and the fifteenth to die from complications of the disease. All seven cases of H5N1 infections in humans in Cambodia this year have been fatal.
The National and local Rapid Response Team (RRT) is conducting outbreak investigation and response following the national protocol.
There is no evidence of increased ILI activity in the local health centre or any increase in number of SARI cases from the affected village. Thirteen contacts were tested for A/H5N1 influenza, all of whom were negative. There is enhanced surveillance for ILI and SARI in the local health centre and hospital for a further two weeks. Health education messages are ongoing in the community.
Sunday, July 31, 2011
West Nile Virus Detected In DC And Virginia
Submitted by Nimisha Sachdev on Sun, 07/31/2011 - 09:46
According to the Washington, DC Department of Health, the West Nile Virus has been detected in mosquitoes in three neighbourhoods of the District of Columbia, but by keeping mosquito populations under control, the virus can be prevented from coming to Maryland. The virus has been detected in Virginia (Henrico County) though not in Maryland, as yet.
A seasonal epidemic, the viral outbreak begins in the summer, lasting well into the fall. The virus can be transmitted to birds and humans, particularly the elderly or those with compromised immune systems, by mosquitoes who are infected.
The virus which spreads when bitten by an infected mosquito, with symptoms appearing withing 3 to 14 days, however, it cannot be transmitted from person to person.
The Centres for Disease Control (CDC) recommends using DEET containing insect repellant, as the best way to prevent the spread of West Nile Virus, including getting rid of all standing water inside and outside the house, which mosquitoes can use as breeding sites, as follows:
· All flower pots, buckets and barrels must be emptied of standing water.
· Water in pet dishes must be changed daily and weekly for bird baths.
· Holes should be drilled in tire swings to allow water to drain out.
· Children’s wading pools should be emptied when not in use.
According to the CDC, around one in 150 people infected with West Nile Virus develop a severe illness, exhibiting symptoms of a high fever, headache, neck stiffness, coma, tremors, vision loss and paralysis, which can last for weeks. Around 20% of those who become infected experience milder symptoms lasting for just a few days, while the remaining 80% do not exhibit any symptoms at all.
Since, there is no cure for the virus, no medical treatment can be sought, though severe symptoms and complications from the illness may require hospital care and intravenous fluids.
Any complaints about standing water call be reported by calling the Prince George’s County Health Department at 301-883-7879.
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