Bird flu outbreak in Dangin Tukadaya Back

October 10, 2011 | BP
Bird flu outbreak in Dangin Tukadaya BackCountries (Bali Post) -
Dangin Tukadaya village, Jembrana district in 2007 and took up bird flu deaths, bird flu has re-emerged. The field of Animal Husbandry at the Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Marine and Forestry (PKL), Sunday (9 / 10) yesterday directly perform culling chickens infected with a number of avian influenza (AI). Since the last few months recorded five villages in Jembrana chickens owned by residents tested positive for bird flu.
Village Chief Tukadaya Dangin, I Gusti Putu Suarma encountered yesterday said the chickens owned by residents in the hamlet Yeh Mekecir since a week ago many died even reach 30 tails. Initially about 15 of the 20 chickens owned by I Gusti Edi Artawa dead, following Suarsana Gusti Putu, 15 chickens died and the tails of eight Nengah Darwata fowl five of them died. ''We immediately reported this incident to the District Government and followed up with a wipe and spray the chicken coops in this village,''said Suarma.
In the village is also the case of bird flu was first stuck in Bali in 2007 and to result in one of the villagers died. Head of Animal Husbandry Department of street vendors in Jembrana, DVM. Nyoman Suastika justify the chickens here are positive of bird flu. After the rapid test results stating that the chickens that died suddenly it's a positive AI, direct officers to depopulation (culling) with burned and planted. While in some locations, the cages belong to Hamlet Yeh Mekecir sprayed disinfectant. Added Suastika, since the last two months in five villages in between Hamlet Pangkung Reed, Village Kaliakah (State), Tibu Tanggang Hamlet, Village Enterprise (Mendoyo) and the Environmental Satria, Village Pendem, Environment Menega, Village Dauhwaru and the latest in Dangin Tukadaya (Jembrana ) was found positive for bird flu chicken. ''We write to all districts to give attention and be alert to the spread of this AI. While the barrios that chickens infected with bird flu while not allowed to carry out or sell the territory to anticipate in order not to spread,''he added.
Suastika admitted to the village of Dangin Tukadaya This is the umpteenth time after the year 2007 came the bird flu and human casualties resulting in death. Spraying disinfectant done continuously until the Department provides to subside and the liquid. ''For a while the three-liter, we'll add more as needed. Clearly the stock is still a lot,''he said
http://www.balipost.co.id/mediadetail.php?module=detailberita&kid=2&id=57407

Disnak muster Team Location Check Bird Flu

Sunday, October 9 2011 08:37 AM
Denpasar (Bali Reuters) - Bali Provincial Animal Husbandry Department to deploy teams to conduct searches or investigations into the residential area of origin Bangli brothers who attacked the bird flu virus and treated at General Hospital Center (Dr) Sanglah, Denpasar.

"We were immediately led the team to perform pelusuran around the patient's residence, on Saturday (8 / 10)," said Head of the Provincial Livestock I Putu Sumantra Bali in Denpasar, on Sunday.

He explained, the search results is known that the incident never happened poultry residents died suddenly about three weeks ago, but was not reported to authorities.
Therefore, the added Sumantra, against the surviving chickens in the area of ​​Banjar Galiran, Jehem Village, District Tembuku that he said he did a quick test to find out whether or not infected with bird flu.

"The results of tests on birds found there was not positive of bird flu," said Sumantra.
Previously two brothers from the area, the initials ALD (10) and Ra (5), treated at Sanglah Hospital and tested positive for bird fluhttp://bali.antaranews.com/berita/14879/disnak-kerahkan-tim-periksa-lokasi-flu-burung

Brothers Positive Bird Flu

Two people in Bali who are brothers, tested positive for bird flu. Both are being treated in isolation rooms Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali.New video, shows their village ,spraying, and some dead birds, clip from the hospital..http://news.okezone.com//play/17652/...tif-flu-burung

Bird Flu Strikes Back Citizen in Bali

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Bird Flu Strikes Back Citizen in Bali

Sunday, October 9, 2011 15:10

Bird flu re-attack the people of Bali. Two residents Bangli District, Bali was rushed to Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar because of bird flu disease. Two residents are currently still undergoing intensive treatment in the isolation room with the aid of breathing equipment.

Both residents suffering from bird flu is the origin of RA and WA Jehen Village, Tembuku, Bangli regency. Both are not allowed to dijenguk because it is still undergoing treatment in isolation.

Both residents had previously had rushed to the clinic and Bangli District Hospital with symptoms of high fever and shortness of breath. However, as conditions continue to weaken both of them had to be referred to the Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.

From the results of examination confirmed two people are positive for H5N1 virus. Both are also known to have a history of contact with poultry that died suddenly due to bird flu.

VIDEO http://video.tvonenews.tv/arsip/view..._di_bali.tvOne

Mass bird deaths in Bali

Outbreaks of Avian Influenza outbreak in Jembrana, Bali



Sunday, October 9, 2011 19:14

STATE - MICOM: Outbreaks of bird flu re-emerged in poultry attacked the district of Jembrana, Bali, so it makes people uneasy.

The information gathered on Sunday (9 / 10), mentions poultry in some villages and urban villages, such as Pendem, Kaliakah, Dauhwaru, Dangitukadaya, the bird flu virus began. In fact, hundreds of birds, mostly chickens die in Hamlet Mekecir Yeh, Dangintukadaya village, Jembrana District... http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2011/10/09/266793/290/101/Wabah-Flu-Burung-Merebak-di-JembranaJembrana,Bali

Two Still Critical Bird Flu Patients

09/10/2011 16:16

Liputan6.com, Denpasar: Two patients were positive for bird flu from Bangli treated at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Sunday (9 / 10), remains in critical condition. Both patients were treated in a special isolation room.

In watchlist Coverage 6 SCTV in a special isolation room of bird flu, RSU Sanglah, body temperature brothers from Banjar Antugan, Village Jehem, it is still high and not go down. Meanwhile, laboratory test results from blood sampling and water mucus both expressed positive for H5N1 virus or bird flu.

Previously, the second condition is quite severe when patients are referred from health centers to the RSU Sanglah village, due to their lungs are infected. Both are known to have contact with poultry that died suddenly before hospital http://berita.liputan6.com/read/357144/dua-pasien-flu-burung-masih-kritis

Multiple amino acid substitutions involved in enhanced pathogenicity of LPAI H9N2 in mice.

2011 Aug 27. [Epub ahead of print]

Zhang Z, Hu S, Li Z, Wang X, Liu M, Guo Z, Li S, Xiao Y, Bi D, Jin H.

Source

State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

Human infection of avian influenza H9N2 virus highlighted the need to better understand the mechanism of interspecies transmission. In this study, we generated mouse-adapted influenza virus (ma01) through serial lung-to-lung passages of a wild-type H9N2 (A/chicken/Hubei/01/1999). Ma01 caused highly lethal infection in mice with severe lung pathology and extended tissue tropism. Nine amino acid substitutions of ma01 were observed in five viral genes (those for PB2, PA, NA, M1, and NS1). Of these mutations, substitutes of PB2(627), PA(349), PA(605), NA(88), and NA(356) were absent in influenza H9N2. Furthermore, the targets of wild-type virus responding to mouse microRNA mmu-mir-1940 and mmu-mir-1904 were eliminated in ma01. The mutation PB2(627) of ma01 confirmed as a key virulence determinant of influenza H5N1 was responsible for the altered recognition of mmu-mir-1904. In addition, induction of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-β was found in significantly higher levels in ma01 infected mouse peripheral blood than parental strain. These results demonstrate that multiple amino acid substitutions and avoidance of microRNA recognitions may be essential for lethal infection and high speed of virus growth can outcompete the antiviral response of infected host.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PMID:

21896338

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Amino acid residues 253 and 591 of the PB2 protein of avian influenza virus A H9N2 contribute to mammalian pathogenesis

J Virol. 2011 Sep;85(18):9641-5. Epub 2011 Jul 6.

Mok CK, Yen HL, Yu MY, Yuen KM, Sia SF, Chan MC, Qin G, Tu WW, Peiris JS.

Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

We investigated the tropism, host responses, and virulence of two variants of A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/1997 (H9N2) (H9N2/G1) with D253N and Q591K in the PB2 protein in primary human macrophages and bronchial epithelium in vitro and in mice in vivo. Virus with PB2 D253N and Q591K had greater polymerase activity in minireplicon assays, induced more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in human macrophages, replicated better in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and was more pathogenic for mice. Taken together, our studies help define the viral genetic determinants that contribute to pathogenicity of H9N2 viruses.

Indications that Live Poultry Markets are a Major Source of Human H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in China

2011 Oct 5

Wan XF, Dong L, Lan Y, Long LP, Xu C, Zou S, Li Z, Wen L, Cai Z, Wang W, Li X, Yuan F, Sui H, Zhang Y, Dong J, Sun S, Gao Y, Wang M, Bai T, Yang L, Li D, Yang W, Yu H, Wang S, Feng Z, Wang Y, Guo Y, Webby RJ, Shu Y.

Source

State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Human infections of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have continued to occur in China without corresponding outbreaks in poultry, and there is little conclusive evidence of the source of these infections. Seeking to identify the source of the human infections, we sequenced 31 H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in China (2005-2010). We found a number of viral genotypes, not all of which having similar known avian virus counterparts. Guided by patient questionnaire data, we also obtained environmental samples from live poultry markets and dwellings frequented by six individuals prior to disease onset (2008-2009). H5N1 viruses were isolated from 4 of the 6 live poultry markets sampled. In each case, the genetic sequence of the environmental and corresponding human isolates was highly similar, demonstrating a link between human infection and live poultry markets. Therefore, infection control measures in live poultry markets are likely to reduce human H5N1 infection in China.

PMID:

21976646

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Evidence for subclinical avian influenza virus infections among rural thai villagers.

2011 Oct

Khuntirat BP, Yoon IK, Blair PJ, Krueger WS, Chittaganpitch M, Putnam SD, Supawat K, Gibbons RV, Pattamadilok S, Sawanpanyalert P, Heil GL, Friary JA, Capuano AW, Gray GC.

Source

Department of Virology, US Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.

Abstract

Background.  Regions of Thailand reported sporadic outbreaks of A/H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) among poultry between 2004 and 2008. Kamphaeng Phet Province, in north-central Thailand had over 50 HPAI poultry outbreaks in 2004 alone, and 1 confirmed and 2 likely other human HPAI infections between 2004 and 2006.

Methods. In 2008, we enrolled a cohort of 800 rural Thai adults living in 8 sites within Kamphaeng Phet Province in a prospective study of zoonotic influenza transmission. We studied participants' sera with serologic assays against 16 avian, 2 swine, and 8 human influenza viruses.

Results. Among participants (mean age 49.6 years and 58% female) 65% reported lifetime poultry exposure of at least 30 consecutive minutes. Enrollees had elevated antibodies by microneutralization assay against 3 avian viruses: A/Hong Kong/1073/1999(H9N2), A/Thailand/676/2005(H5N1), and A/Thailand/384/2006(H5N1). Bivariate risk factor modeling demonstrated that male gender, lack of an indoor water source, and tobacco use were associated with elevated titers against avian H9N2 virus.

Multivariate modeling suggested that increasing age, lack of an indoor water source, and chronic breathing problems were associated with infection with 1 or both HPAI H5N1 strains. Poultry exposure was not associated with positive serologic findings.

Conclusions. These data suggest that people in rural central Thailand may have experienced subclinical avian influenza infections as a result of yet unidentified environmental exposures. Lack of an indoor water source may play a role in transmission.

PMID:

21921216

[PubMed - in process]

PMCID: PMC3174099

[Available on 2012/10/15]

Characterisation of a highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.2 influenza virus isolated from swans in Shanghai, China

Zhao G, Zhong L, Lu X, Hu J, Gu X, Kai Y, Song Q, Sun Q, Liu J, Peng D, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X.

Source

College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

In spring 2009, one strain of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 virus was isolated from wild swans in Shanghai, indicating the importance of the wild swan in the ecology of this highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in Eastern China. Pathogenicity experiments conducted in this study indicated that the virus was highly pathogenic for chickens but lowly pathogenic for mammalian hosts, as evidenced by reduced infection of mice. The analysis of complete genome sequences and genetic evolution showed that A/Swan/Shanghai/10/09 (SW/SH/09) may be derived from the strain A/silky chicken/Shantou/475/2004 (CK/ST/04), which is homologous to the influenza viruses isolated from chicken, duck, pika, little egret, swan, mandarin duck and bar-headed goose in China Hunan, China Qinghai, Mongolia, Russia, Japan, Korea, Laos and Hong Kong during 2007-2011, indicating that the virus has retro-infected diverse wild birds from chicken, and significant spread of the virus is still ongoing through overlapping migratory flyways. On the basis of the molecular analysis, we also found that there was a deletion of the glycosylation site (NSS) in amino acid 156 of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein when compared with that of the other Clade 2.3.2 viruses isolated between 2007 and 2011. More importantly, the sequence analysis of SW/SH/09 virus displayed the drug-resistant mutations on the matrix protein (M2) and neuraminidase (NA) genes.

PMID:

21904849

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Increased pathogenicity of a reassortant 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus containing an H5N1 hemagglutinin.

2011 Sep 14.
Cline TD, Karlsson EA, Freiden P, Seufzer BJ, Rehg JE, Webby RJ, Schultz-Cherry S.
Source

Departments of Infectious Diseases.
Abstract

A novel H1N1 influenza virus emerged in 2009 (pH1N1) to become the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st) century. This virus is now co-circulating with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in many parts of the world, raising concerns that a reassortment event may lead to highly pathogenic influenza strains with the capacity to infect humans more readily and cause severe disease. To investigate the virulence of pH1N1-H5N1 reassortant viruses we created pH1N1 (A/California/04/2009) viruses expressing individual genes from an avian H5N1 influenza strain (A/Hong Kong/483/1997). Using several in vitro models of virus replication, we observed increased replication for a reassortant CA/09 virus expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of HK/483 (CA/09-483HA) relative to either parental CA/09 virus or reassortant CA/09 expressing other HK/483 genes. This increased replication correlated with enhanced pathogenicity in infected mice similar to the parental HK/483 strain. Serial passage of the CA/09 parental virus and the CA/09-483HA virus through primary human lung epithelial cells resulted in increased pathogenicity, suggesting that these viruses may easily adapt to humans and become more virulent. In contrast, serial passage attenuated the parental HK/483 virus in vitro, and resulted in slightly reduced morbidity in vivo, suggesting that sustained replication in humans may attenuate H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Together, these data suggest that reassortment between co-circulating human pH1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza strains may result in a virus with the potential for increased pathogenicity in mammals.

PMID:
21917948
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Nearly 2,000 birds die at private lake in Nevada

By:The Associated Press | 10/08/11 9:52 PM
The Associated Press

An avian botulism outbreak has resulted in the deaths of nearly 2,000 ducks and other birds at a private hunting lake near two of Nevada's most important wetlands for birds.
The die-off has occurred since late August at Six Man Club, a private lake near both the Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge and the state-run Carson Lake and Pasture, according to the Reno Gazette-Journal (http://bit.ly/oOQHc6nearly-2000-birds-die-private-lake-nevada).
The two wetlands, located around Fallon about 60 miles east of Reno, are major stops on the Pacific Flyway for a wide variety of migrating birds.
Although birds frequently fly between the three bodies of water, officials say the outbreak has not spread to Stillwater or Carson Lake. An abundance of fresh water in Stillwater and Carson Lake could help prevent its spread there, they said.
"It's pretty much contained. It's the water itself that has it," said Susan Sawyer, Stillwater's visitor services manager.
The number of bacteria-killed birds has been on a steady rise since late August and could make 2011 one of the 10 worst years for botulism outbreaks since state records started in 1949.
"It's starting to get a bit out of control," said Russell Woolstenhulme, a migratory game bird specialist with the Nevada Department of Wildlife.
Crews fished 398 dead birds out of the lake on Wednesday and another 344 on Thursday. As of Friday, 1,942 birds had died.
Among affected birds are mallards, green-wing teals, redhead ducks, American avocets and white-faced ibis.
Avian botulism, which poses no threat to humans, becomes prevalent in water bodies with low oxygen levels typically associated with decaying vegetation.
By removing dead birds from the lake, biologists hope to end the outbreak soon.
Woolstenhulme said he does not expect the outbreak to pose any real serious threat to the overall bird population, now at a peak with the arrival of migratory birds

Sheep among many suspects in farm Listeria probe

Lisa Schnirring Staff Writer

Editor’s Note: This story was revised Oct 6 to clarify Dr Lawrence Goodridge’s role in the outbreak investigation.

Oct 5, 2011 (CIDRAP News) – Investigators working to discover how Jensen Farms' cantaloupe became contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, leading to the country's deadliest foodborne illness outbreak in almost a decade, are taking a hard look at several environmental factors, including whether sheep grazing in the region may have played a role.

Dr Lawrence Goodridge, a food microbiologist in the department of animal sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, assisted the state health department informally on an unpaid basis in the early stages of the outbreak investigation.

So far federal investigators have detected Listeria on Jensen Farms cantaloupe collected from Denver-area grocery stores and from equipment and cantaloupe at the farm's packing facility in Granada, Colo., according to a Sep 19 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) statement. Colorado officials have confirmed that cantaloupe from a sick patient's home and from retail outlets match the outbreak strain's genetic fingerprint.

According to an update yesterday from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the outbreak has been linked to 100 infections and 18 deaths in 20 states. Last week CDC officials called it the deadliest foodborne outbreak in nearly a decade.

All potential sources of contamination are being considered, including irrigation water, soil, "biosolids," and contamination from animal incursions, Goodridge said. Biosolids are processed residual material from sewage treatment that is used as fertilizer on farms. He said biosolids were spread on a field adjacent to Jensen Farms 2 years ago.

Though investigators haven't mentioned focusing on a suspected animal vector, Goodridge said one possibility is sheep. In the region of Colorado where cantaloupes are grown—though not necessarily at the farm implicated in the outbreak—sheep are often grazed on cantaloupe fields following harvest, he said.

"If that practice was followed at Jensen Farms, then there is the possibility of sheep manure contaminating the cantaloupe with L monocytogenes," he said. A similar scenario occurred in Nova Scotia, Canada, in 1981 when a Listeria outbreak caused by tainted cabbage was traced to the use of sheep manure as fertilizer, Goodridge added.

The Canadian Listeria outbreak sickened seven adults and led to 34 perinatal infections, according to a report on the outbreak published in 1983 in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). After two case-control studies found no common environmental or food exposure among the sick patients, a second food survey found a link to eating coleslaw.

A coleslaw sample from a patient's refrigerator was positive for the outbreak strain of Listeria, called serotype 4b. The product trace-back revealed that a regional firm made the coleslaw with cabbage and carrots from several wholesalers and local farmers and distributed the product only in Canada's Maritime Provinces.

Environmental tests at the coleslaw plant found no Listeria contamination, but after prolonged cold enrichment, two unopened packages purchased at two Halifax grocery stores tested positive for Listeria serotype 4b. The produce-trace back led to a farm where both cabbage and sheep were raised. According to the NEJM report, two of the farm's sheep had died from listeriosis, though isolates from the animals weren't available for serotyping.

The farmer had used composted and raw manure from the sheep flock to fertilize the cabbage crops. The coleslaw plant had received a shipment of cabbage that had been kept in the farm's cold-storage shed over the winter. None of the stored cabbage was available for testing, and environmental samples from the farm never yielded Listeria, according to the report.

Canadian investigators wrote that the farming practices provided ample opportunity for introducing Listeria into the food chain and that prolonged cold storage of cabbage could have allowed a small amount of initial contamination to grow. Unlike other foodborne pathogens, Listeria can flourish in cold conditions.

Goodridge said another puzzling aspect of the cantaloupe Listeria outbreak is that four different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles have been identified, falling into two distinct serotypes, which could suggest multiple contamination events or a contamination event from multiple sources, such as different animals.

The size and lethal nature of the Listeria outbreak is surprising, Goodridge said, adding, "And all this involving a commodity [cantaloupe] that had not previously been implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis."

Listeria contamination in cantaloupe, along with an even more recent recall of California lettuce for potential Listeria contamination, might prompt the FDA to revisit its Listeria risk assessment for fresh produce, which is currently considered a low-risk food category, Goodridge said. On Sep 29 TrueLeaf Farms of San Juan Bautista, Calif., recalled 90 cartons of chopped romaine lettuce after a random check of a single bag turned up L monocytogenes. No illnesses have been reported. The products were shipped to a distributor in Oregon that sent them to at least two other states, Washington and Idaho.

It's too soon to predict how the Listeria outbreak might affect produce companies, Goodridge said. While the overall produce industry might not be hurt by the events, the cantaloupe industry will likely suffer financial fallout, because many people can't or don't distinguish between growing areas, though some who are now avoiding cantaloupe might forget about the outbreak by the next season's harvest.

Sheep ..3 different ones..

 

Jumat, 7 Oktober 2011 Friday, October 7, 2011

foto : bd/ant photo: bd / ant

(Be (Regional News - Denpasar) Two of the Bali Provincial Animal Husbandry Department officials took samples of chicken manure on the market of Badung, Denpasar, Bali, on Friday (07/10/2011). Examination was conducted in a number of traditional markets to determine the possible spread of bird flu virus (H5N1), which can be triggered by changes in weather like this lately.

http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=id&u=http://beritadaerah.com/denyut/bali/42721/376&ei=F3eQTva-I6fr0gHiq60h&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CF4Q7gEwBA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dh5n1%2B%252B%2BAyam%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox%26sa%3DX%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1093%26bih%3D570%26tbs%3Dqdr:d%26prmd%3Dimvnsfd

New England seal deaths happened before, biologist says

Sharon Kiley Mack | BDN

Seals bask on small rock islands in the sun in the Bay of Fundy between Eastport and Campobello

The Associated Press

Posted Oct. 08, 2011, at 11:25 a.m.

                            

PORTSMOUTH, N.H. — As authorities wait for answers in the deaths of dozens of seals found on beaches in New Hampshire, Maine and Massachusetts, there has been discussion about a similar event that happened from 1979-1980.
Marine biologist Scott Mercer of York, Maine, tells the Portsmouth Herald that many dead seals that washed ashore at the time had a strain of avian, or bird, flu.
A spokesman for the New England Aquarium in Boston says there’s no information showing bird flu could be to blame for the 49 seal deaths recently reported in the three states.
Tony LaCasse says only pups are dying this year, which was not the case 30 years ago.
He says it will likely be late next week before results are in on necropsies performed on the animals.

Update Bird Flu Case

Friday, 07 October 2011

  

Be Based on the results of the Laboratory Center for Biomedical Research and Technology Ministry of Health Basic Health Organization, GA (P, 1.1 years) resident of West Jakarta has tested positive for bird flu (H5N1).

Pasien merasakan  Patients treated at referral hospitals of Avian Influenza in Jakarta on August 23, 2011 and get the handling of cases in accordance with standard guidelines, but patients are not helped and died on August 25, 2011.

Based on epidemiological investigation into the patient's house and the surrounding environment by Kemenkes Team and the local health office, obtained a number of possible risk factors. Penderita  Patients living in the neighborhood residents who raise poultry (chicken), but it's at home catering business there are people who use the materials processed chicken meat.

Dire Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Health as the focal point Prof.dr.TjandraYoga Aditama IHR (International Health Regulations) have been well informed about the case to the WHO.   http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=id&u=http://manajemen-rs.net/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D353:update-kasus-flu-burung%26catid%3D51:berita%26Itemid%3D95&ei=ll2QTsO_EcnF0AGZovwf&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CGwQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dflu%2Bburung%26start%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gl%3Dus%26prmdo%3D1%26biw%3D819%26bih%3D439%26tbs%3Dqdr:d2%26prmd%3Dimvnslb

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Since January..

Dr M Jamil Padang Patient 55 Patient Suspect Bird Flu

 

Saturday, October 8, 2011 20:51 AM

ANTARA/Agus Bebeng/ip

BETWEEN / Agus Bebeng / ip

PADANG - MICOM: General Hospital Center (Dr) M Djamil Padang, West Sumatra, treating 55 patients suspect bird flu or H5N1 virus (avian influenza).

"From January to September 2011, bird flu susfect patients who underwent treatment in hospital continue to grow," said Dr M Djamil PR Gustavianof at Padang Padang, Saturday (9 / 10).

According to him, suspect bird flu patients who underwent treatment at the hospital was dominated by citizens of the city of Padang, which is about 30 people. "But there are also patients from outside the city of Padang, which Dharmasyara, South Coastal District, and Bukittinggi," he said.

Ju.

The number of patients undergoing treatment in hospital M Jamil, he said, engalami improvement when compared with 2010.Based on the data, it has been dealing with hospital patients

suspect flu burung sejak 2009.

.

"In 2009 there were nine cases, whereas in 2010 as many as seven cases, one patient died while undergoing treatment," said Gustavianof.

He said the supply of medication at Dr M Djamil taminflu still pretty. "Stock of drugs available today are still able to treat patients infected with H1N1 or influenza A virus was sufficient and has not expired," he said.

 

/RSUP-M-Jamil-Padang-Rawat-55-Pasien-Suspect-Flu-Burung&ei=JlmQTpSBOeb00gGC0MRV&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CG4Q7gEwBg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dflu%2Bburung%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gl%3Dus%26prmdo%3D1%26biw%3D670%26bih%3D440%26tbs%3Dqdr:d2%26prmd%3Dimvnslb

Siblings postive for bird flu in Bali

- General Hospital (Dr) Sanglah, Denpasar, Bali, stating that the center of care in isolation rooms Nusa Indah two patients were sisters from Bangli Rege bird flu on Saturday (10/08/2011 ).
Both patients treated since Friday (7 / 10) afternoon in alarming condition, so that immed laboratory tests by a team of doctors Sanglah Hospital.
Both were also awaiting test results of blood samples from the Laboratory Center of Resea
Development Department of Health (MOH Balitbang) RI and the Medical Faculty Udayana U

Two Unexpected Boy Bird Flu Still in Hospital Sanglah


Saturday, October 8, 2011 15:42 AM


Comments: 0
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DENPASAR - MICOM: Condition ALD brothers, 10, and Ra, 5, who allegedly exposed to bird flu, until Saturday (8 / 10) is still worrying. Two of the boy from Bangli is still in intensive care at Sanglah Hospital, Bali.
Nusa Indah in isolation rooms specifically designed for patients who indicated that infectious disease had looked guard from the hospital. The crew of the media is only allowed to see the second condition of the patient monitors located in the room rose to the conditions that must be completely sterile and not everything can be entered.
"The team doctors who deal with both the patient has given tamiflu and anti-infective drugs in order to stabilize the patient's condition," said Sanglah Hospital Medical Director Dr. Jaya Kusuma, AAN.
He explained that currently enter the citizens from Banjar Dinas Antuga, Jehem Village, District Tembuku, Bangli District's physical condition shows signs of bird flu patients. Such physical characteristics, plus Jaya Kusuma, among other conditions are sufficiently high heat and experiencing shortness of breath and should be given breathing assistance device.
According to him, these patients before they could be treated at health centers near their homes because of the heat for three days. "Based on his family, both patients previously had a history of contact with poultry that died suddenly around her house in early October," he said  http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2011/10/08/266574/290/101/Dua-Bocah-Terduga-Flu-Burung-Masih-di-RS-Sanglah

Sanglah Hospital Positive Patient Handle Bird Flu

 

pasien-positif-flu-burung Patients suspected of contracting bird flu in Sudirohusodo Wahidin Hospital, Makassar.

08/10/2011 13:44

Liputan6.com, Denpasar: General Hospital Center (Dr) Sanglah, Denpasar, Bali, stating that it was treating two patients who tested positive of bird flu in the isolation room Nusa Indah, on Saturday (8 / 10). Brother and sister from Bangli regency was treated since Friday.

According to the hospital, the second condition of the patient concerned, so that immediately undergo laboratory examinations. Team doctors Sanglah Hospital awaiting test results of blood samples from the Laboratory of Research and Development Center of the Ministry of Health (MOH Balitbang) RI and Udayana University School of Medicine (FK Udayana University

Originally the brothers Bangli Positive Bird Flu
National / Saturday, October 8, 2011 12:27 AMMetrotvnews.com, Denpasar: Sanglah Central General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, caring for two brothers from Bangli District of bird flu virus.

"Both patients were the initials ALD (10) and Ra (5) who entered the hospital on Friday (7 / 10) night," said Sanglah Hospital Medical Director Dr. Jaya Kusuma, AAN in Denpasar, on Saturday (8 / 10).

Kusuma explains, from the laboratory by a team of doctors they Sanglah Hospital tested positive for bird flu. To confirm it must wait for the results of blood tests and saliva samples are sent to the Laboratory School of Medicine University of Udayana and Balitbang Ministry of Health.

Jaya Kusuma said the current two brothers patient is still in intensive care in isolation rooms Nusa Indah, and none are allowed to enter the media crew. http://www.metrotvnews.com/read/news/2011/10/08/67441/Kakak-Beradik-Asal-Bangli-Positif-Flu-Burung

WHO: Influenza at the Human-Animal Interface

Influenza viruses circulating in animals pose threats to human health. Humans can be exposed to these viruses, such as avian influenza virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 and swine influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2, in many ways, such as:

• when people's work brings them in contact with infected animals.
• when people contact infected animals during their everyday lives, such as when visiting live animal markets or when these animals are kept as part of the household.
• when people handle or slaughter infected animals, or work with raw meat and by-products from infected animals.
• when people contact things around them, such as animal housing areas and equipment, ponds and other water sources, faeces, and feathers, if these things are contaminated with influenza viruses.

In some cases these zoonotic infections (infections in humans acquired from an animal source) result in severe disease or even death in humans, but often these infections result in only a mild illness or appear to cause no illness at all. All human infections with animal influenza viruses are of concern, not only because of the cases of disease and deaths in individual people, but also because if these viruses become able to spread from human to human they could spark a pandemic. All of the past four pandemic influenza viruses have contained gene components originating in animals.

The actual public health risks posed by influenza viruses circulating in bird, swine, and other animal populations are not completely understood. Recent findings suggest that influenza viruses in animals and humans increasingly behave like a pool of genes circulating among multiple hosts, and that the potential exists for novel influenza viruses to be generated in swine and other animals. This situation reinforces the need for close monitoring and close collaboration between public health and veterinary authorities. WHO continues to work vigilantly with national ministries of health and animal health sector partners globally to identify and mitigate these influenza public health risks at the human-animal interface.

Contagion Grips 'Flublogia'

Posted: 10/6/11 03:24 PM ET

At 6:48 a.m. on April 22, 2009, a leading flu blogger named "Revere" posted the first warning about a remarkable bit of news he'd spotted in a routine weekly report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. With what he labeled "an element of luck," the CDC had discovered a novel swine flu virus in two San Diego-area children.

Within 33 hours, CDC officials were telling excited reporters that human transmission had been detected in California and Texas. It wasn't the H5N1 bird flu whose gory onset had been anticipated for years by Internet health activists, but swine flu was scary.
To have played such a key role in detecting the emergence of a deadly global virus thrilled the worldwide virtual community known as "Flublogia," whose members use social media to track influenza and other infectious agents that range from KPC bacteria to Chikungunya.

The excitement didn't last. When swine flu turned into something of a nonevent (except for the mostly young victims whose lungs turned to pulp), fatigue inexorably gripped Flublogia. Less than 11 months after he had broken the news of the outbreak, Revere (who turned out to be a pseudonymous group of public health professionals led by a Boston epidemiologist) became the first of many flu bloggers to sign off.
"The Reveres' retirement left a gaping hole in Flublogia," recalls Mike Coston, a former paramedic and emergency preparedness firebrand who has blogged at Avian Flu Diary since early 2006. Like many surviving bloggers, Coston was drawn to the subject of infectious diseases by H5N1, the avian flu virus that most experts still consider the world No. 1 infectious-disease threat.
Coston rises at 4 a.m. daily to conduct research and write until midday, resuming work in the evening. He posts news, analysis, and historical context backed with links about a world of microbial menaces, drawing on the work of "dozens of news hounds" who crowdsource disease surveillance at a bustling bulletin board called FluTrackers. Posting in thousands of the site's forums and sub-forums, they track down, translate, and post alarming health developments drawn from local newspapers and obscure scientific journals.
Few outbreaks, anywhere, go undetected in Flublogia.
The community's reward has been Contagion -- a hit movie about a killer virus that exalts science and public health professionals, in part by pitting them against an evil blogger who looks like Julian Assange with bad teeth. Contagion's young villain pitches bogus antivirals on his vast Internet platform and even provokes a crusty scientist to dismiss blogging as "graffiti with punctuation."
As someone who's about to issue a novel about a do-it-yourself flu blogger's struggle to survive an avian flu pandemic in New York's East Village, I was modestly affronted when I saw the movie. My architect-blogger in American Fever: A Tale of Romance & Pestilence is fictitious, but he and his knowledge base emerged from years of serious research, much of which I've conducted on flu blogs.
What, I've been wondering, do the real flu bloggers -- who don't even accept advertising on their well-traveled sites, lest an ad for Tamiflu sap their credibility by popping up next to a story on antivirals -- think of Contagion's greedy Alan Krumwiede?
"I thought he was a caricature," says Crawford Killian, a retired business-writing teacher and novelist in Vancouver who serves as Flublogia's unofficial dean and longest-running contributor via his popular site, H5N1. "I know there are a lot of very strange people out there, blogging their brains out. But for a guy making $4 million, [Krumwiede] seemed to be operating solo -- 12 million hits per day and he's sticking posters under windshield wipers?"
"Part of me was slightly insulted," says Coston, who likes the movie. "But there are a number of conspiratorial antivaccine bloggers out there that are in some ways close to that." Indeed, a popular antivaccine site called NaturalNews.com greeted Contagion by warning visitors: "Hollywood begins mass brainwashing campaign to get people ready for the next bioengineered virus release."
"These nuts exist and the Internet gives them an audience and microphone," says Scott McPherson, chief information officer at the Florida House of Representatives and host of Scott McPherson's Web Presence, an IT-and-infrastructure-oriented flu blog. Calling the Krumwiede character "a 21st century snake-oil salesman," he hails Contagion as "an intelligently written movie. I particularly liked the fact that the feds decided to shut him down."
"The majority of us didn't like the movie, didn't find it hard-hitting enough," says Cottontop, an upstate New York mother of two who posts on the Flu Wiki bulletin board and blogs at her Flu News Network. As for Contagion's Krumwiede, she says: "We are not like that. Flu forums and flu blogs are 24-hour public health services -- first responders to getting the news out."

Bestselling author Laurie Garrett (The Coming Plague, I Heard the Sirens Scream), who as a paid consultant contributed a lot of ideas to more than 30 drafts for Contagion's screenplay, says that Krumwiede's character was inspired by her shock at seeing how many people posted false information about "life and death matters" during the swine flu pandemic.

Still, says Garrett, "there's a whole bunch of very good blog sites. You can't believe people have the time to do all this." As she and Contagion screenwriter Scott Z. Burns worked hard to whip up the movie's MEV-1 bat virus, she was tracking Flublogia. "Revere was way ahead of the curve. You'd think: 'How did he find this out?' You have to admire the tenacity and the digging."
On the plus side, the flu bloggers -- who universally complain that gas, electricity, and food never runs out in Contagion -- agree that the movie has spurred interest in their work. McPherson, who until recently hadn't blogged much about flu for more than a year, says he's "fired back up again," with five posts in various stages of development.
"My blog has picked up a lot of new people since Contagion," says Cottontop. "And the number of Indonesians reading it and going to Flu Wiki has really picked up, too. Something's going on over there with H5N1."http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-christian-hall/contagion-grips-flublogia_b_996420.html

Encephalitis kills 400 in flood-hit northern India in past month

Published on Thu, Oct 06, 2011

LUCKNOW (AlertNet) - More than 400 people in northern India have died in the past month from encephalitis, a rare condition that causes inflammation of the brain, government officials said on Wednesday.

Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection from eating or drinking contaminated food or water, from mosquito or other insect bites, or through breathing in respiratory droplets from an infected person.
Around 347 people have died in Uttar Pradesh, while 54 children have died in the neighbouring state of Bihar. Over two thousand cases have been reported in the last three months.
"Acute Encephalitis Syndrome has two types of infections - Japanese Encephalitis, which occurs due to mosquitoes and Entro-viral Encephalitis, which is caused due to unsafe drinking water," said Dinesh Kumar Srivastava from the Community Medicine Department in Uttar Pradesh's Gorakhpur district, where patients are receiving treatment.
Officials said the main areas where the outbreak of the virus has been noticed have been poor, flood-hit areas of the region, where this year's monsoons have left pools of stagnant water that have allowed mosquitoes to breed and infect villagers.
The floods have also led to the contamination of clean water sources such as wells, leaving many people with no option but to use the same dirty water for both drinking and sanitation.
According to the World Health Organisation, viral encephalitis causes high fever, headache, stiff neck and back, vomiting, confusion and, in severe cases, seizures, paralysis and coma. Infants and elderly people are particularly at risk of severe illness.
The infection spreads every year in impoverished parts of Uttar Pradesh during the monsoon season, resulting in hundreds of deaths.
Officials say the government has earmarked 22 million rupees ($450,000) to tackle problems like the unavailability of clean drinking water, lack of sanitation and water-logging, to prevent the virus from spreading.
But local aid workers say efforts need to be stepped up.
"The infection started in the early 1970s and since then it has become an annual feature. The government is adopting short term measures to deal with the infection instead of making any long term plan to get rid of the virus,” said Sanjay Kumar Srivastava from Action for Peace, Prosperity and Liberty (APPL), a charity doing research on the disease.
"Besides, no preventive measures are taken to stop the outbreak," he added, suggesting that vaccinations be more readily available to adults as well as to children.

encephalitis-kills-400in past month

 

06 Oct 2011

Wal-Mart China has apologized for selling ordinary pork as organic in three stores in the southwest city of Chongqing, the eighth time this year the local industry watchdog has uncovered illegal practices at the global retailer.
The Chongqing Industry and Commerce Administration launched an investigation into the supermarket chain after receiving complaints that ordinary pork was sold as organic at higher price, Chongqing Evening News reported yesterday.

Officials found the organic pork sold in three Wal-Mart stores in Chongqing had no organic seal.

The three stores made extra profits of more than 10,000 yuan (US$1,565) from sales of 1,179 kilograms falsely labeled pork, pricing it at 10 yuan per kilogram more than it should be, from January to August.

Tang Chuan, an official with the Chongqing Industry and Commerce Administration, told the newspaper the three were guilty of false promotion and fraud. He said Wal-Mart would be punished for illegal business practices.

Wal-Mart China said it is cooperating with the investigation and has set up a task force to make a thorough check on all pork products in Chong-qing stores and has pledged to tighten internal management to prevent such things happening again...

more
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/7590520.htmlhttp://www.meattradenewsdaily.co.uk/news/061011/china___organic_pork_scam_by_us_company.aspx

05-OCT-2011
Subject	PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed hemorrhagic fever - Namibia (03): (Windhoek) NOT

[1]
Date: Tue 4 Oct 2011
Source: The Namibian [edited]
<http://www.namibian.com.na/news-articles/national/full-story/archive/2011/october/article/mysterious-deaths-put-to-rest/>


The 27-year-old woman who died in the Katutura State Hospital on 24
Sep 2011 had liver failure and not a communicable disease. Similarly,
the 41-year-old man who died in the Roman Catholic Hospital on 27 Sep
2011 had no contagious disease and died of heart failure.

This was confirmed at a meeting at the Ministry of Health and Social
Services head office in Windhoek yesterday [3 Oct 2011]. The ministry,
the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention launched an investigation last week [week of 26
Sep 2011] after it was reported that people were allegedly dying of a
mysterious bleeding disease in the Hakahana area of Katutura.

Yesterday [3 Oct 2011], it was also revealed that only 2 patients died
and not 4 as had been reported earlier. It was further established
that the 2 deaths were unrelated. When the female patient was admitted
to hospital, she complained of headache and a body rash. She was also
found to be bleeding. After admission, her condition deteriorated and
she later died.

The 2nd patient collapsed on arrival at hospital and later died.
According to his death certificate, he died because of heart failure.

Dr Jack Vries of the health ministry said the probe showed that there
is no public health concern. On Friday [30 Sep 2011] already, Vries
had said the patients did not die of poisoning. This came after he
ruled out haemorrhagic fever -- like Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,
Ebola fever, or Rift Valley fever -- as the cause of the deaths on
Thursday [29 Sep 2011].

[Byline: Denver Kisting]

--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
for FluTrackers.com
http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/f?p=2400:1001:4020501424682213::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,90557

WHO: Keep current strains in 2012 Southern Hemisphere flu vaccine

Robert Roos News Editor

Oct 3, 2011 (CIDRAP News)

 – A run of stability in the makeup of seasonal influenza vaccines continued as the World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended using the same three flu strains in next year's Southern Hemisphere vaccine as are in the current Northern Hemisphere vaccine and were used last year in southern countries.

The recommendation means the WHO has seen little evidence of changes in circulating flu strains that would make the vaccines now in use a poor match for them.

The WHO experts recommended keeping the pandemic 2009 strain for the influenza A/H1N1 component of the vaccine, along with a Perth 2009 strain of A/H3N2 and a Brisbane 2008 strain of influenza B. Officially, the agency advises using strains similar to:

• A/California/7/2009(H1N1)pdm09
• A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)
• B/Brisbane/60/2008

The new recommendation means the WHO has chosen the same three strains for the Southern Hemisphere 3 years in a row, as the agency first picked them in September 2009 for the 2010 season. That was when the WHO first chose the pandemic 2009 H1N1 strain for the vaccine on the expectation—which proved correct—that it would replace the previous seasonal H1N1 strain.

The WHO's experts make their recommendations for the makeup of Southern Hemisphere flu vaccines in September to allow time to prepare the vaccine viruses and grow them in eggs, which takes several months. The recommendation for the Northern Hemisphere is usually made in February.

The WHO's technical report says 2009 H1N1 viruses co-circulated in varying proportions with H3N2 and type B viruses from February to September of this year, with widespread activity in many countries. But compared with previous years, activity was generally "low or moderate." No isolates of the previous seasonal H1N1 vaccine were found.

The circulating 2009 H1N1 viruses have remained antigenically and genetically similar to the California strain in the current vaccine, the report says. Likewise, the majority of recent H3N2 isolates have been similar to the Perth strain in the vaccine.

Influenza B comes in two lineages, Victoria and Yamagata, and predicting which will predominate in any given season has been difficult. The Brisbane 2008 strain in current vaccines is a Victoria strain. The WHO says Victoria strains have predominated recently in many parts of the world and have been closely related to the vaccine strain, but Yamagata variants were more common in northern China from February to May.

In a note on drug resistance, the WHO says the vast majority of 2009 H1N1 viruses have remained sensitive to oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Of the resistant isolates, most were associated with use of the drug for prevention or treatment. But in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan, "there were increased proportions of resistant cases with no known exposure to oseltamivir."

The report also notes that 45 human infections with the H5N1 avian influenza virus were reported from Feb 16 to Sep 19 of this year, including 24 deaths. The cases occurred in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Egypt, and Indonesia, where the virus circulates in poultry. The cumulative global H5N1 count is 564 cases with 330 deaths.

http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/general/news/oct0311fluvax.html

05/10/2011 15:24 05/10/2011 15:24

- On 5-10, Veterinary Department (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) said the two localities of Quang Nam province of Soc Trang and appears blue ear disease in pigs, raising the total number of local epidemic in the country over five provinces.

blue ear disease in pigs has been detected in two communes: Dien Ngoc and Dien Tien Dien Ban district, with a total of 290 pigs, of which death and destruction of the pigs was 145 children

.  Earlier, the province of Soc Trang (from 14-9 to 25-9), PRRS in pigs have appeared in Thuan Hoa commune, Chau Thanh district, the pigs are killed and destroyed 146 children. Meanwhile, in the province of Tay Ninh, blue ear disease continue to arise more in 9 communes of 3 districts of Tan Chau and Tan Bien Dau.

. As appears from the first outbreak (19-9-2011) to 30-9-2011, the province of Soc Trang has 141 households in 13 communes and towns of the three districts mentioned above occurs ear green pigs, pigs with a total of more than 1,350 children, in which pigs are killed and destroyed more than 140 children. . The five provinces are PRRS in pigs less than 21 days, including Long An, Tien Giang, Tay Ninh, Soc Trang and Quang Nam. 

 Animal Health Department said, in Quang Ngai province-one of two avian influenza are, the recent days continue to generate additional poultry disease.  Only in the last 3-10 days, in the province two districts of Binh Son and Son Tinh had 23 thousand birds were killed and destroyed.

Egypt: Menoufia High Committee to Combat Bird Flu #H5N1

High Committee to Combat Bird Flu Menoufia meeting yesterday was attended by Assistant Secretary General and Undersecretary of the Ministry of Health and the Director of the Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, which reviewed the position of bird flu in the governorate and the actions that are taken during the current period and to be taken in the next stage to tackle the disease and prevent its spread.

For his part assigned advisor Ashraf Hilal, governor of Menoufia, the Supreme Committee to hold a monthly meeting to follow up preventive measures and ask the heads of local units to provide landfill and the work of rounds of a sudden on the farm, and freedom from routine procedures, and activating the work of the committees and the tightening campaign on the farm is licensed and rely on scientific solutions innovative to cope with the disease and the emphasis on fully equipping hospitals and providing isolation wards, doctors, trainers and rural outreach as well as to provide enough doses of Tamiflu for the treatment of any cases among citizens.

It is worth mentioning that since 2006, formed a group of committees in every local unit headed by the President of the local unit of traffic on the markets and farms and gather information to fight the virus and prevent its spread.

Forbes: Is The Government Hiding Something About Swine Flu?

Excerpt:

Remember the flu pandemic? The one that swept the world just two years ago? You might be forgiven if this has slipped your mind – after all, it doesn’t seem like such a big deal now. That’s because we got lucky: despite many dire warnings about the danger of another 1918 “Spanish flu”, when the 2009 pandemic arrived, it was far milder than previous pandemics. Hundreds of millions of people got the flu in 2009, but for most of them, it wasn’t so bad. In fact, the new flu is less severe the old flu – the strain that was circulating before the new pandemic hit.

-snip-

The 2009 pandemic originated in pig farms in Mexico. We don’t know precisely where it made the first leap into humans, but it appears that two different strains joined together in a pig somewhere to create the new H1N1. The flu has a nasty habit of jumping the species barrier, hopping to humans from both pigs and chickens.

So now that we know all this, next time will be different, right? The world’s influenza scientists are monitoring pigs and chickens closely now, keeping a close eye on any new flu strains. Right? RIGHT???

Er, no. Not exactly. For one thing, surveillance in pigs appears to be nonexistent. I checked to see how many flu sequences from pigs in Mexican have been desposited in the public archive at GenBank since 2009 (using this terrific database). The result? One, in 2009. Nothing from 2010 or 2011. Hello, is anyone awake at the CDC and the WHO?

This despite the fact that scientists have serious concerns that the deadly H5N1 avian flu (the “bird flu”) could combine its genes with H1N1 and create a really nasty new flu strain. And scientists have long had concerns that pigs could be the mixing vessels for new flu outbreaks – exactly what happened in 2009.

But wait… maybe they are monitoring the flu, but they’re just not telling us. That would feed into all the fringe government conspiracy groups that claimed the 2009 pandemic was an intentionally engineered government-funded enterprise (see this BMJ article for more). I don’t believe any of those conspiracy theories – most of them are just nuts – but read on.

Sharing data about flu viruses has been a touchy subject with the WHO and the CDC for years. As reported by the University of Minnesota’s CIDRAP:

“In late 2006, virus sharing became an international flash point when Indonesia broke a long tradition of free international sharing of flu virus specimens by withholding its H5N1 virus samples as a protest against the high cost of commercial vaccines derived from such samples. The controversy has drawn attention to the problem of equitably distributing vaccines in the event of a pandemic.”

A few months ago, the WHO finally agreed on a new set of principles on data sharing, which states that

“The WHO GISRS laboratories [which includes the CDC] will submit genetic sequences data to GISAID and Genbank or similar databases in a timely manner.”

Excellent! So are they doing it?

As every biomedical scientist knows, GenBank is a free, public database of genetic sequence data that contains millions of sequences, from humans, bacteria, viruses, you name it. But GISAID is a Swiss database – one that I initially supported – just for flu data. The original mission of GISAID was that data deposited there would go to GenBank as well, with little or no delay. But in a classic bait-and-switch move, the GISAID board changed that policy after the database was up and running, and now they can sit on data as long as they want.

OK, it’s a private database, so they can do what they want. True enough. But here’s the surprising bit: the CDC deposits most of its flu sequences ONLY in GISAID, where they can milk them for scientific results for years without sharing them with others. As one of GISAID’s original supporters, I have an account there, and here’s what I found.

So far, the CDC has deposited sequences from 6,801 flu isolates in GISAID, of which only a tiny handful are in GenBank. 3201 of these originated in the U.S., so there can’t be any foreign government insisting that they be kept secret. These provide critical data that could help scientists predict what is coming in the next flu season. But you can’t get these sequences without a GISAID account. And even if you have a GISAID account, as I do, you have to agree not to release the data as a condition of getting a look.

So why does the CDC deposit sequences in GISAID? I think it’s precisely because of the restrictions. CDC’s scientists don’t want others to look at “their” data, because they’re afraid someone else might discover something important and publish it before them.

The CDC, of course, is part of the U.S. government, and all its work is funded by the public. But it seems that the CDC flu scientists have forgotten their public health mission – or at least, they appear to be more concerned about their own careers (and the papers they might publish) than about making sure the world is ready for the next pandemic.

And by the way, even these sequences don’t seem to include anything from pigs in Mexico. Hello, CDC? You are looking at swine flu now, aren’t you?

Perhaps I’m being a bit harsh. I love the CDC: they do a terrific job most of the time, providing vital services to protect the public from infectious diseases. But their internal scientists sometimes seem to operate within a cocoon, and I’m afraid that’s happening here. This culture of secrecy has got to stop, and I suspect that will only happen under pressure from the outside. The CDC Director, Thomas Frieden, needs to tell his flu people to start sharing what they know with the rest of the world. And they can start by putting their data in GenBank.