Thursday, July 4, 2013

Argentina - Catamarca: The Ministry of Health does not know if there are cases of #H1N1

[Catamarca is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country.]
Translation
July 4, 2013

While Catamarca already confirmed more than 20 cases of Influenza A, even the Ministry of Health could not confirm whether it is the H1N1 subtype, according to what the Department of Epidemiology reported that at the same time stressed that currently Several viruses are in circulation, creating flu-like boxes. 

Patricia Valdez, director of epidemiology in the province, said that to date could not be confirmed if you drive in Catamarca H1N1 subtype, since the samples were Malbrán drifts to the Institute and arrive in the coming days. 

Moreover, the official warned that at this time of year the viruses are distributed in the population with a predominance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), which is what occurs in children younger than 2 years on frame flu or bronchiolitis. 
And thus estimated that 60% of children who present these paintings in the country is affected by RSV. In Catamarca recorded a rate ranging between 50 and 70%, depending on seasonality and the harshness of the weather, said Valdez. 
At the same time, said different circulating strains of influenza virus, these agents Guests seeking different populations such as children or the elderly, he said. Among the viruses in circulation, the official said Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Metapneumovirus and influenza virus A and B with their respective subtypes. 
All of these viruses, he said, causing flu-like tables in general, but treatment must be specific to make each. In this regard, he cautioned that there are many cases without laboratory diagnosis but with a clinical diagnosis. This is a professional medical determination caring for the patient, he said. 

The official acknowledged that no circulation of influenza type A, but until now it was unclear if this is a seasonal or H1N1 strain, which began circulating in the country in 2009. 

told also that all swab samples that tested positive for type A were derived and is waiting for the results. When there is clinical suspicion, he said, a complaint is made ​​compulsory and apply the mechanisms of action, ie a sample and proceeds to the patient's medication while continuing the process of determining viral. The patient is medicated with oseltamivir, an antiviral for influenza A. In this regard, he said that this medication is provided by the health portfolio, since it is not sold in pharmacies.

Thousands of pesos to pay the reagents
Despite the current demand, the Central Laboratory of the ministry does not have reagents for determining the presence of the H1N1 subtype. Lara Sader, in charge of the laboratory, said the property comprises reagents for determining the presence of the strain of the influenza type A and to perform other analyzes. 
Moreover, said he was asked this specific reagent but the problem, said, is the obstacle to imports. 
It is an economic measure imposed by the Ministry of Internal Trade, as the kit to determine the subtype has a cost of $ 21,000 and can only be used up to 50 people, is said to ministerial sources . 
the official added, moreover, that the order was made ​​last year and it was confirmed a month ago.However, he clarified that the Laboratory has reagents to determine the strain of the influenza type A or B, each of which has a cost of $ 1,600 (per patient), as could find this newspaper. 
Sader noted that it is imported inputs and at the same time, there is a great demand across the country.

Deputies requested reports
Recently introduced in the House of Representatives a project to ask the health portfolio a report on prevention and contingency plan pandemic influenza A/H1N1. The request was made ​​by Legislator Silvina Acevedo. 
asked Congresswoman accurate data on actual number of cases detected and treated by the Ministry, detailing zoning thereof; specify whether preventive measures are applied and under what protocols and detail what the measures to take in the winter break during National Day and International Poncho. 
was also requested to be attached to each of the points above the supporting information and certified by the responsible area. 
"the main foundation of my order responds to the need the information officially released to date is only for public transcended made ​​by officials and which take many contradictions. I wonder if these contradictions are only the lack of internal information regarding the current status of this pandemic, "he argued.

Study clarifies role of bacteria in pandemic diseases

http://phys.org/news/2013-07-role-bacteria-pandemic-diseases.html
5 hours ago
(Phys.org) —Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria that infect invertebrates at pandemic levels, including insects that cause such devastating diseases as Dengue fever, West Nile virus, and malaria. While Wolbachia-based technologies are emerging as promising tools for the control of the insect vectors of these deadly diseases, the processes underlying Wolbachia's successful propagation within and across species remain elusive.
A new study by CAS researchers sheds light on some of these processes by providing evidence that Wolbachia target the ovarian stem cell niches of its hosts—a strategy previously overlooked to explain how Wolbachia thrive in nature. The study, "Evolutionarily conserved Wolbachia-encoded factors control pattern of stem-cell niche tropism in Drosophila and favor infection," has been published in the current issue of PNAS Early Edition, available online here. Michelle Toomey, a CAS Biology PhD student, and Kanchana Panaram, a former in the Frydman Lab at the Department of Biology, are the study's co-first authors.
Although Wolbachia are mainly vertically transmitted (from the parental generation of the species to the offspring), there is also evidence of extensive horizontal transmission (from one individual to another in the same generation). The study shows that both vertical and horizontal transmission occurs through Wolbachia's preference for the region of the insect ovary that contains , known as "stem cell niches". Tropism—in which different viruses or pathogens evolve to preferentially target specific cell types within a host—for stem cell niches is pervasive in Wolbachia that infect the Drosophila (fruit fly) genus.
Using cell biological, phylogenetic, genetic, and transinfection tools, the BU team found evidence that stem-cell niche tropism is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for Wolbachia hereditary and non-hereditary transmission, and that this tropism is a widespread occurrence across the Drosophila genus. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed selective pressures promoting strong conservation of the same pattern of niche tropism among closely related Wolbachia strains. Using hybrid crosses and transinfection experiments, the researchers demonstrated that Wolbachia-encoded factors, rather than the host genetic background, are the major determinants of different patterns of stem cell niche tropism.
"Because Wolbachia are maternally transmitted, their presence in the germ line is essential for their vertical propagation to the next generation," says Toomey.  "However, Wolbachia are often found in several somatic tissues as well, and this distribution varies among different Wolbachia–host associations."
The study indicates it is easier for Wolbachia to reach the germ line through the stem cell niches during vertical transmission and probably during horizontal transmission as well.
"Wolbachia represent the first reported case of bacteria living in a stem cell niche. The data presented in this study provide the foundation for future methodologies toward the identification of genetic pathways mediating Wolbachia's stem-cell niche tropism in hosts," says Horacio Frydman, assistant professor of biology. Understanding the basis of Wolbachia targeting of specific tissues in the host and its consequences toward bacterial transmission will provide further insight into their extremely successful propagation and help identify new Wolbachia-based vector control approaches.



Vietnam: #H1N1 - One of 2 new cases of H1N1 influenza were most discharged

Afternoon 03/07/2013, Dr. Nguyen Thanh Tu-director of the Center for Preventive Medicine in Vinh Long province, said A/H1N1 flu patients treated at Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City hospital after recovery for good and have a negative test result for influenza virus. This is one of two new cases in Vinh Long are Ho Chi Minh City Pasteur Institute confirmed positive for H1N1 virus on 24/6 last.
According to Dr. Nguyen Thanh Tu, the remaining cases are still in general hospital treatment regimen Vinh Long Department of Health, after the results of the test specimen remains positive for the flu virus.
Up to the present, Vinh Long province recorded 4 cases positive for influenza A/H1N1, including 2 cases were fatal. One of two deaths in the general hospital in Vinh Long province last week in June and then in hospital leadership this case is very strange transmission.

Vietnam: Reports Dating Back to Spring 2013 for H1N1 Deaths

Please note the dates of these articles.  Reported here for documentation purposes.
Translation/Excerpt

More of deaths from A/H1N1 flu
 24.04.2013 [April 24, 2013]
This information is confirmed by the Ministry of Health in the National Steering Committee pandemic human influenza, which took place in Hanoi on 23-4. Dr. Tran Dac Phu, deputy director of the Department of Preventive Medicine, said current circulating in Vietnam at the same time as many types of flu A/H5N1 and A/H1N1, influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B, with many deaths due to the influenza virus. For influenza A/H5N1, from early 2013 to now, there are two cases of this flu in Dong Thap and Long An province, including one case in Dong Thap province have died.

Meanwhile, the A/H1N1 flu situation is also complicated, with multiple consecutive deaths from the virus. In particular, the latest death was a 12-year-old girl (in Vinh Loc, Thanh Hoa Hospital mortality in tropical Central 23-4 in the morning. This is the 3rd case of death due to influenza A / H1N1 in Tropical Diseases Hospital Central early this year (last two deaths were in Yen Bai).
MA Nguyen Hong Ha, deputy director of Tropical Diseases Hospital Central, said the patients in the hospital in a state of severe respiratory distress, placed endotracheal tube, mechanical ventilation. Results showed that patients testing positive for the H1N1 virus.
Notably, representing the Department of Preventive Medicine also said flu surveillance results showed key nations, nearly 1,000 samples of flu syndrome surveillance from early 2013 to date shows that of the 119 samples syndrome positive for influenza A/H1N1 infection rate is at most (48%), followed by influenza B, and the third is the A/H3N2 flu.


Excerpt/Translation:  
A Yen Bai H1N1 flu fatalities
4/6/2013 (April 6, 2013)
The patient was transferred to the hospital on 28/3 in severe respiratory distress, two injured lung infiltrates whole. Although mechanical ventilation, use of Tamiflu but of the disease worsening. The patient died two days later in hospital.

Dr. Nguyen Hong Ha, deputy director of the Tropical Disease Hospital Central, said: "Currently, we focus on the new H7N9 influenza strain. However, not so that people with all the other strains . Such a case male patients dying from H1N1 flu on history perfectly healthy, with no chronic conditions.
http://giadinh.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/song-khoe/nhip-song/mot-nguoi-yen-bai-tu-vong-vi-cum-h1n1-2652498.html




And here is the 2nd death in Yen Bai:
Excerpt/Translation:
One patient died of influenza A/H1N1
4/19/2013 (April 19, 2013)
TP - On 18/4, data from active medical treatment - Bach Mai Hospital (Hanoi) said that same morning, 27-year-old male patient (in Yen Binh district, Yen Bai province) of influenza A/H1N1 (Pioneer reported) deaths with complications severe multi-organ failure.

On 14/4, hospitalized patients in respiratory failure, hypoxemia have ventilation, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, prognostic risk of death. From early 2013, with 3 deaths from influenza A/H1N1. On 4/4, 4-year-old boy in the southern province of Dong Thap and A/H1N1 flu fatalities on 9/4, another patient died at Hospital for Tropical Diseases central levels.
http://www.tienphong.vn/Suc-Khoe/623455/Mot-benh-nhan-mac-cum-AH1N1-tu-vong-tpp.html

Who gets H1N1 From Duck Meat, and Dies? Vietnamese do. Who buys chicken on 6/8 and is dead on 6/11 w/fever, caused by H1N1? Vietnamese do...

In May 6-2013, the western provinces have about 15 cases positive for A/H1N1 flu virus to 5 deaths

The health authorities recommend that when patients with suspected influenza A/H1N1 have the right medication rather than wait for test results
MANY cases of influenza
(CAPT) On 1-7, the regional health Mekong Delta provinces recommendations, influenza A/H1N1 outbreak strong and had some deaths. After the test results of the HCM City Pasteur Institute, Hospital confirmed in Cái Nước area, Trần Thị Mùa (born in 1983, ngụ khóm 5, Cái Đôi Vàm town, Phú Tân district, Ca Mau) positive with influenza A/H1N1. On 27-6, Season sister hospitalized with high fever, cough and shortness of breath. Being the dedicated doctors cure far X-ray results showed that the lungs of patients with good recovery.
The health sector is disinfection where patients
According to the report of the health sector in Ca Mau province, from 20 to 27-6, the province has three cases of influenza A/H1N1 infection. It is Lê Hoàng Bé, Provincial Director of the Department of the Interior.  When traveling in Ha Noi, said Bé fever. Nearly a week of treatment at Hospital Ca Mau province, Mr. Bé health tends bad. Patients with high fever, difficulty breathing, has been transferred to the Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Test results, Mr. Be positive for influenza A/H1N1. Also infected with the disease, Mr. Lương Văn Đua (67 years old, live social Nguyen Plugs, U Minh district, Ca Mau) health recovered after 10 days of treatment.
A patient being treated for H1N1 flu
Currently, complicated influenza A/H1N1 in the Mekong Delta.  Long Mỹ District, Hậu Giang confirmation, Lý Văn Thanh (55 years old, live hamlet 12, Vinh Vien) had A/H1N1 flu death. According to the Center for Preventive Medicine of Long My district, on 18-6, Thanh hospitalized with symptoms of fever, cough. On 24-6, the family moved patients to hospital Long My district. On 27-6, his illness tends bad bar should be moved to the Military Hospital 121, Can Tho City to continue monitoring. However, due to the severe illness, he died Bar. Test results, Mr. Thanh positive for influenza A/H1N1. This case is the first swine flu death in Hau Giang Province.
Other provinces such as Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long, Dong Thap ...patients also infected with influenza. The first case of swine flu death,  Lý Kim Sến (60 years old, live in An Long, District Tam Nông, Đồng Tháp).According to relatives, before Mr. Sen infected with duck meat cooked.  Shortly thereafter, Tien Giang Department of Justice officials discovered four tested positive for H1N1.  
On 8-6, Phan Thị Lài (ngụ huyện Măng Thít, Vĩnh Long) buy ready-made chicken at Long Tan on the processors. On 11-6, her fever. Four days later, the family put hospitalized patients but did not survive. In Ben Tre, a village of people living Thuan An A (My Thanh An commune, TP.Ben Tre) and death from influenza infection.
Poultry of unknown origin still being sold at the market
DO NOT EXCEED THE CONTROL SERVICES
Soon after the discovery of patients positive for A/H1N1 flu, local health sprayed disinfectant, killing germs and guide the patient's body to disease prevention. In the health sector, if detected in time, the correct treatment regimen, it will not be dangerous for patients. In case of four Justice Department officials Tien Giang province infection were treated according to protocol, were both critical attack.
Dr. Nguyen Thanh Dan, director of the Center for Preventive Medicine in Ca Mau province, in addition to the propaganda that people sense precaution against disease, the treating physician should be flexible in the examination and treatment. Dr. Dan says: "When a patient is admitted with signs of flu, doctors have to drink even cure. If you wait three days with the test results of treatment, and the patient died. " Besides the work of sanitation, disinfection in place of the flu, the health sector has established Vinh Long live the epidemic 24/24. Department of Health Vinh Long buy Tamiflu to cure for affiliated institutions, serving time in the treatment.
According to the regional health Mekong Delta, influenza A/H1N1 influenza season appeared. If detected early when symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, headache ... the patients were isolated from patients and will soon spread out to avoid community. Currently, the health sector to strengthen advocacy for people consciously prevention to minimize the number of people die from influenza A/H1N1.

Vietnam: Ca Mau detected 4 cases of H1N1 flu in a week

We have one more case in Ca Mau.  See article for original location of other 3 cases.

7/04/13
Dr. Nguyen Thanh Dan, director of the Preventive Medicine Center of Ca Mau Province said: "Creative 4.7, HCM City Pasteur Institute announced results Tran Hoang Tham patients (30 years old),  Bến Bàu, xã Quách Phẩm Bắc, H. Đầm Dơi (Ca Mau) positive for influenza A/H1N1. "

Dr. Dan additional information, so in a week in the province of Ca Mau detected 4 cases positive for influenza A/H1N1 and 4 suspected cases still awaiting test results from the Pasteur Institute.

The health sector Mau ongoing epidemiological investigation, he found Detective cause flu. The patients were spraying disinfectant chemical disinfection. Relative exposure to the patient guidance and treatment methods are recommended early to health facilities when symptoms fever, shortness of breath.

Earlier, Ca Mau 3 patients found positive for influenza A/H1N1, no deaths, including Mr. Le Hoang Baby (Director of Provincial Affairs), Mr Luong Van Dua (67 years old, live social Nguyen Plugs, HU Ming) and Tran Thi Season (live Cai Doi Vam town, H.Phu Tan).

Currently flu situation is complicated in the province so doctors advised people need to know how to protect themselves by simple measures such as proper hygiene, child care habit should wash their hands with soap sterilizing room before eating, after using the toilet and after playing to minimize bacteria from hands by ingestion, breathing into the body.
If any family members have the early signs of flu to health care facilities to detect the disease and timely treatment.

http://www.xaluan.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=645784

 

Qatar: New face mask to combat #coronavirus

July 4, 2013

DOHA: New data presented at the International Consortium for Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC) 2013 in Geneva has provided a welcome relief for pilgrims planning for visiting the Holy City of Makkah and concerned about the recent coronavirus outbreaks in Saudi Arabia.

Continued:  http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/qatar/243897-new-face-mask-to-combat-coronavirus.html

Pandemics: European Union Strengthens its Alert and Response System

Plenary Session
Public Health - 03/07/2013

The EU's ability to cope with serious cross-border health threats such as coronavirus, the 2011 E. Coli epidemic or the 2009 H1N1 flu will be strengthened by legislation voted on Wednesday. The text introduces an early warning system, facilitates joint buying of vaccines and will make it possible to declare an EU-wide emergency in the event of a crisis.

EU legislators draw on experience of crises such as the epidemics of Escherichia coli virus in 2011 and H1N1 flu in 2009, as well as difficulties in dealing with the volcanic ash cloud of 2010. Existing EU-wide arrangements will be strengthened to improve coordination and reduce response times.

Joint buying of medicines and vaccines

MEPs also introduce a scheme to enable EU member states to buy medicines jointly and thus more cheaply. It should also ensure fairer access to vaccines.

"This is without a doubt the greatest achievement under this decision," said the rapporteur, Gilles Pargneaux (S&D, FR). "Access to vaccines will be fairer because they will be available at fairer prices. This is welcome progress, particularly in the smaller member states which simply could not afford the exorbitant prices charged during the recent pandemics," he said. The agreement he negotiated with Council was adopted by 678 to 21 votes, with 4 abstentions.

During the 2009 (H1N1) flu epidemic member states competed with each other to procure vaccines that were available only in limited quantities.

EU-wide public health emergency

The text also introduces the possibility of declaring a European "public health emergency" to accelerate the authorisation of medicines needed to combat the crisis. Current legislation requires the EU to wait until the World Health Organization declares an international emergency on all continents.

As some recent epidemics were linked to viral strains of avian or porcine origin, the text aims to ensure that preparedness and response planning in the veterinary and human health sectors are interoperable.

Independence of experts

The text stresses that the system must work transparently. When consulted, experts should declare any interest, direct or indirect, which could be considered prejudicial to their independence.

Next steps

The decision will take effect on the day it is published in the EU Official Journal.

Procedure: Co-decision (Ordinary Legislative Procedure), 1st reading agreement
REF. : 20130701IPR14764

EU: FAQ: Serious Cross-border Threats to Health Decision

Below are a few excerpts from a FAQ Memo on the vote taken in the European Union's Parliament to strengthen legislation on the EU's alert and response system to pandemics. 
With this new legislation, they could declare a pandemic outside of the WHO decision to declare one.  Below, bolded in red (mine) Coronavirus, MERS, would fall into the last category, as of today, because we still do not know it's origin...

European Union Press Release

FAQ: Serious Cross-border Threats to Health Decision

Reference: MEMO/13/645 Event Date: 03/07/2013

What types of health threats will the new legislation cover?
The categories of serious cross-border threats to health and related agents to be covered by the new legislation are:
  1. Threats of biological origin, relating to communicable diseases or caused by biotoxins and special health issues such as antimicrobial resistance and healthcare associated infections
  2. Threats of chemical origin like those caused by acute release of dangerous substances deliberately or during an accident or an explosion
  3. Threats of environmental origin, including extreme weather conditions such as heat waves and cold spells
  4. Public health emergencies of international concern
  5. Threats of unknown origin
The Decision further foresees that health threats other than those covered by the scope may, in exceptional emergency situations - if it is considered that public health measures taken prove insufficient to protect human health - be referred for a coordinated response to the Health Security Committee.


How will health emergencies confined to Europe be handled?
Coordination of public health measures will be managed at EU level.
Until now, for health emergencies confined to the EU, the Union had only a clear legal mandate to coordinate public health measures for communicable diseases. For these cases only, the EU could e.g. adopt guidelines on protective measures and information to the public at EU level. The new Decision once in force will extend the Commission's co-ordination role to all types of health crises – biological, chemical, environmental, or of an unknown nature.

The proposal also foresees that the European Commission recognises a public health "emergency situation" independently from the World Health Organisation (WHO). This will allow the European Union to use existing pharmaceutical legislation to quickly authorise medicinal products and therefore make vaccines immediately available on the market in the absence of such a decision by the WHO.
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-645_en.htm

European Union - Lawmakers vote to strengthen response to cross-border health threats

July 4, 2013
The Parliament on Wednesday (3 July) voted to strengthen legislation on the EU's alert and response system to pandemics. The text introduces an early-warning system, facilitates the joint purchase of vaccines and will make it possible to declare an EU-wide emergency in the event of a crisis.
Communicable diseases and health threats caused by chemical or biological agents, or environmental events, do not respect borders, which is why the EU wants to be at the forefront of coordination of action if one emerges.
The European Commission's assessment of past public health crises, such as the 2009 H1N1 flu epidemic or the e.coli crisis in 2011 revealed shortcomings in the health security framework currently in place.
The gaps identified were notably in risk assessment, preparedness and response planning and crisis management.
MEPs have voted for an introduction of a scheme that will enable EU countries to buy medicines jointly and thus more cheaply. It should also ensure fairer access to vaccines.
During the 2009 H1N1 flu epidemic, EU states competed with each other to procure vaccines that were available only in limited quantities. 
"This is without a doubt the greatest achievement under this decision," said Gilles Pargneaux, a French MEP who drafted the Parliament's opinion on the proposal for the Socialists and Democrats (S&D).
"Access to vaccines will be fairer because they will be available at fairer prices. This is welcome progress, particularly in the smaller member states which simply could not afford the exorbitant prices charged during the recent pandemics," he added.
Faster EU emergency response
Health Commissioner Tonio Borg said people in Europe would be better protected from a wide range of health threats through strengthened preparedness planning and coordination.
"One of the key achievements of the decision is that it establishes the legal basis for the coordination of voluntary joint procurement of vaccines and medicines at EU level. We will start with the procurement of pandemic vaccines: the member states who participate in this process will be able to provide their citizens with vaccines under better conditions than in the past," Borg said.
The text also introduces the possibility of declaring a European "public health emergency" to accelerate the authorisation of medicines needed to combat the crisis.
Current legislation requires the EU to wait until the World Health Organisation (WHO) declares an international emergency on all continents.
As some recent epidemics were linked to viral strains of avian or porcine origin, the text aims to ensure that preparedness and response planning in the veterinary and human health sectors are interoperable.
http://www.euractiv.com/health/eu-strengthens-response-cross-bo-news-529064