Gia Lai appeared H5N1

Updated on 24-07-2010 17:39



-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
NDDT - According to information from the Veterinary Department of Gia Lai province, in those days, about 1,900 children flocks of chickens, ducks and thousands of Vu Thanh Sang, Thanh Ha village resident, Ia Hrung commune, Ia Grai district any expect sudden death on 100 children, he sang was the situation on the district Veterinary Station.


On 22-7 Provincial Department of Animal Health has taken samples sent for testing at the Animal Health Da Nang, the results of three samples were positive for H5N1.


Currently the provincial Animal Health Department has organized the destruction of all the birds sang in his house, and deploy the work of disinfection sterilization Ia Hrung communal areas and the surrounding area to control the disease situation. This is the first appearance of Gia Lai H5N1.

Avian influenza, human (46): InVS update

22-JUL-2010
Subject	PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human (46): InVS update

AVIAN INFLUENZA, HUMAN (46): INSTITUT DE VEILLE SANITAIRE UPDATE

***********************************************

A ProMED-mail post

<http://www.promedmail.org>

ProMED-mail is a program of the

International Society for Infectious Diseases

<http://www.isid.org>



Date: Thu 22 Jul 2010

Source: Eurosurveillance, Volume 15, Issue 29 [edited]

<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19619>



The influenza A(H5N1) epidemic at 6 and a half years: 500 notified

human cases and more to come

-----------------------------------------------

By: A Tarantola 1, P Barboza1, V Gauthier1, S Ioos1, N El Omeiri1, M

Gastellu-Etchegorry1, and the Epidemic Intelligence team at InVS 2



1 - International and Tropical Department, Institut de Veille

Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France

2 - The Epidemic Intelligence team at InVS

Introduction

--------------

Since November 2003, the epidemic intelligence team at the French

Institut de Veille Sanitaire [InVS] has been gathering data on

influenza A(H5N1) circulation in poultry and on human cases

worldwide. As Indonesia notifies the world's 500th case to the World

Health Organization, we discuss the epidemiological situation and

trends of A(H5N1) influenza [A 501st case has now been reported; see:

ProMED-mail report "Avian influenza, human (45): Indonesia (SH),

archive number 20100718.2404. - Mod.CP]. Although the overall number

of cases reported worldwide has decreased, influenza A(H5N1)

continues to circulate intensely in some countries, and more cases

are to be expected, especially in Egypt and Indonesia.



The international and tropical department of the Institut de Veille

Sanitaire (InVS) conducts constant monitoring of health events

worldwide to provide French health authorities with timely

forewarning of public health events of international concern. This

process, known as epidemic intelligence (EI), has been described

elsewhere [1]. Although topics vary widely, the situation of highly

pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) influenza in the world has constantly

been monitored since 2003. This paper describes the epidemiological

situation 6 and a half years into the epidemic, as Indonesian

authorities notify the world's 500th case since November 2003 [2].

Epizootic

-----------

 From the end of 2003 to 1 Jul 2010, 63 countries or territories on

the Asian, African or European continents (incl. 15 European Union

countries) have notified infections by influenza A(H5N1) virus in

poultry or wild birds to the World Organization for Animal Health

(OIE) [3]. In 2009, a total of 9 countries notified outbreaks in

poultry or were considered enzootic by OIE: Bangladesh, Cambodia,

China (Tibet and Xinjiang), Egypt, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal (1st

notification) and Viet Nam. Six other countries or territories

notified cases in wild birds only: China (Qinghai and Hong Kong SAR),

Germany, Mongolia and the Russian Federation (Moscow Oblast and

Republic of Tyva). In 2010, 12 countries have been affected to date:

Bangladesh, Bhutan (for the 1st time), Cambodia, Egypt, India,

Indonesia, Israel, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Romania and Viet Nam.

Furthermore, in 2010, cases were reported in wild birds only by

animal health authorities in Bulgaria, China (Tibet and Hong Kong SA!

R), Mongolia and the Russian Federation (Republic of Tyva). Many

other countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa, have suspected

transmission in predominantly backyard flocks, but lack surveillance

systems to document it. [These data in those countries with

documented human cases are summarised in schematic form in the

original text].



Since 2003, cases of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection have also been

occasionally documented in wild (felines, ferrets etc.) or domestic

mammals (cats and dogs). No secondary transmission to humans,

however, has been described following contacts with animals other

than poultry or wild birds.



Wild aquatic fowl constitute the animal reservoir and have

occasionally reintroduced influenza A(H5N1) -- in European countries

along the Danube or in Viet Nam for example -- leading to sporadic

outbreaks in poultry flocks despite previous and successful

elimination efforts.

Human epidemic

----------------------

 From 1 Nov 2003 to 1 Jul 2010 (by date of symptom onset), a total of

500 confirmed human cases of influenza A(H5N1) including 296 deaths

(case fatality rate (CFR) 59 percent) were notified to the World

Health Organization (WHO) by 15 countries [4]



 From 1 Jan to 1 Jul 2010, 32 confirmed human cases including 14

deaths (CFR 44 percent) were notified by 7 countries. During the same

period in 2009, 41 confirmed human cases including 12 deaths (CFR 29

percent) were notified by China, Egypt and Viet Nam. Indonesia also

reported 18 cases during that period, although data on deaths by date

are not available. In 2009, a total of 73 confirmed human cases

including 32 deaths (CFR 44 percent) were notified by these 4

countries plus Cambodia. Five countries, which had notified cases in

preceding years, have notified no new cases since 2006: Azerbaijan,

Djibouti, Iraq, Thailand and Turkey. Three additional countries

(Laos, Myanmar and Pakistan) have not notified any case since 2007.



Since November 2003, reported human cases seem to follow an overall

downward trend and occur mostly during the period from November to

April. This variation is due to seasonal patterns described also in

poultry [5,6] in the countries which were mainly affected in the

northern hemisphere, especially Egypt, Thailand and Viet Nam. In

Indonesia, however, cases tend to occur throughout the year.



Since the end of 2003, most (366 of 500; 73 percent) notified human

cases of influenza A(H5N1) occurred in Asia, notably in Indonesia,

China and Viet Nam. Since the start of the epidemic, Indonesia

remains the most affected country (33 percent of cases and 46 percent

of deaths notified worldwide). Indonesia notified 21 cases including

19 deaths (CFR 90 percent) in 2009 and 4 cases including 3 deaths

(CFR 75 percent) in 2010 up to 1 Jul 2010.



The number of cases has fallen in Asia, while it has progressively

increased in the Near East (Azerbaijan, Egypt, Iraq and Turkey).

Between November 2003 and December 2005, 100 percent of notified

cases occurred in Asia. In 2006 and 2007, the annual proportion of

cases notified by Asian countries remained somewhat stable at 63

percent and 70 percent, respectively. From January 2008 to 1 Jul

2010, 83 (56 percent) of 149 notified cases occurred in Asia; the

remaining 66 cases worldwide were notified by Egypt. The percentage

of cases notified by Egypt has risen steadily from 18 percent of

worldwide cases in 2008, to 53 percent in 2009, to 59 percent of

worldwide cases notified to date for 2010.



Changes in the H5 haemagglutinin have determined a phylogeny with

clades and sub-clades. Clade 2.2.1 viruses circulate in poultry in

Egypt, while clade 2.3.2 and 2.3.4 viruses circulate in Asia [7].

There is no conclusive evidence for differences in virulence or

resistance to oseltamivir among these viruses. The health outcomes

for humans infected with these viruses can be explained by

differences in the timeliness and type of medical management and drug

treatment.



The overwhelming majority of cases with documented exposure acquired

the influenza A(H5N1) virus from sick or dead poultry or wild birds.

Many cases lack documented exposure, while for some, although this

was never definitively proven, there is a strong suspicion of

involving environmental sources or human-to-human transmission.

Clustered cases and human-to-human transmission

---------------------------------Since 2003, there have been at least 40 clustered events involving a

total of over 100 confirmed cases in 12 countries: Azerbaijan,

Cambodia, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Laos, Nigeria, Pakistan,

Thailand, Turkey and Viet Nam. Overwhelmingly, the suspected or

documented source was common exposure to sick or dead poultry,

although investigation concluded that limited human-to-human

transmission occurred in some instances: Most of these clusters

involved persons with close familial ties [8]. Although its relevance

remains debated [9], at least some degree of genetic susceptibility

probably plays a role, as shown by events such as the 3-generation

transmission cluster described in 2006 in the Karo district of North

Sumatra, Indonesia [10] or the family clusters described in Turkey

[11]. These clusters of limited human-to-human transmission occurred

after people had close and repeated contact with cases and did not

fully observe standard precautions to prevent infection [12]. Cases

of nosocomial influenza A(H5N1) transmission had been described in

Hong Kong hospitals in 1997 [13]. Since 2003, however, no confirmed

influenza A(H5N1) transmission in the healthcare setting has been

documented in studies done to date [14].

Quality of available information

-------------------------------

Human case detection and reporting largely depends on the

availability and intensity of reliable diagnostic efforts. The global

influenza A(H5N1) case count probably vastly under represents the

true case burden worldwide. Since December 2009, Indonesian health

authorities have resumed their collaboration with WHO and notify

cases officially. Since January 2009, 25 cases and 22 deaths (CFR 88

percent) have been notified from the Indonesian archipelago. With the

exception of a single case documented in Riau Province (central

Sumatra), all notified cases lived on the island of Java. This

geographical distribution and the comparatively high CFR suggest that

access to diagnosis may be uneven, that severe cases are over

represented among detected cases, and/or that timely clinical

management remains a challenge. In China, human cases continue to be

reported with no prior notification of influenza A(H5N1) circulation

in poultry, pointing to the probable under detection or under

reporting of poultry outbreaks in that country. In an area such as

upper Egypt, access to timely diagnosis and care is associated with

lower CFR, but suspected human cases occurring in remote locations

may not all be officially detected and/or reported and would have

contributed to a higher CFR.

Conclusions

----------

All these elements seem to converge and sketch out the following

situation: some countries which were heavily affected before 2007

(such as Thailand and Turkey) seem to have controlled the situation

and reduced risks to humans. The influenza A(H5N1) virus, however,

continues to circulate in poultry elsewhere, especially in

Bangladesh, Egypt and Indonesia, where the enzootic remains intense. The A(H5N1) influenza virus is one of several which could

hypothetically give rise to a pandemic in the future [15]. Although

this risk cannot be quantified, poultry outbreaks and human cases

now, in contrast to the period from 2003 to 2004, occur in some of

the most densely populated urban or suburban areas in the world. Not

only might this increase the risk of the virus being transmitted to

humans living in close proximity to animals, it may also challenge

usual control measures (which are easier to apply to large farms

than, for instance, backyard flocks) and make it more difficult to

contain a nascent influenza A(H5N1) pandemic should one arise [16].



Human cases continue and will continue to occur as long as the

situation in animals is not brought under control. Authorities and

populations face a complex situation in Egypt and Indonesia, but

communication in these countries is transparent and constructive and

allows for quick reporting of cases, especially if suspected clusters

should arise. Although the global CFR reported in 2009 was lower than

that observed in 2008, it varies greatly between countries. Some

countries report a greater number of cases and fewer deaths, perhaps

due to improved surveillance and access to diagnostic techniques and

medical care [17,18]. However, cases occurring in remote locations

with no access to healthcare, although having a higher CFR, may still

not come to the attention of health authorities or be reported for

lack of biological confirmation.

Many clustered events have occurred, some of which are highly likely

to have involved human-to-human transmission. To date, this has

remained limited with no sustained community transmission. Available

data, especially those gathered following clustered events, show

that, so far, the virus shows no sign of "humanisation," i.e. the

ability to transmit easily from human to human. The overall worldwide

situation of influenza A(H5N1), however, has not markedly improved

since 2003. This fact, and regular reintroduction of the virus by

wild birds in countries where foci have been controlled (such as

Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey or Viet Nam) underscore the importance of

maintaining adequate surveillance and response capacities for

infections in both animals and humans.



(The Epidemic Intelligence team at InVS's International and Tropical

Department as of 1 Jan 2010 in alphabetical order: Fatima Ait

el-Belghiti, Philippe Barboza, Laurence Cherie-Challine, Sandra

Cohuet, Dominique Dejour-Salamanca, Nathalie El Omeiri, Marc

Gastellu-Etchegorry, Violaine Gauthier, Myriam Gharbi, Sophie Ioos,

Guy La Ruche, Arnaud Tarantola, Laetitia Vaillant.)

Blue ear pig was spreading to the south

---

Updated on: 23/07/10 00:32


Live poultry illegally seized.
(Inspector) - In the latest report sent leader Ho Chi Minh City, the Steering Committee made an emergency action plan prevention and control of avian and pandemic influenza in humans (PSC PCD) has warned that diseases Blue ear pig (cooperative) tend to spread to move the southern provinces, including HCM City.

* Shipping and trading of live poultry is widespread illegal

Changes in complex diseases
Truong Thi Kim Chau, Deputy Director Department of Animal Health Department said that HCM City, while bird flu and foot and mouth epidemic on a national scale temporary settlement, the province does not have flu is not over 21 days , the service cooperatives have tended complicated. So far, there are a total of seven provinces and city cooperatives have not translated over 21 days, including five northern provinces (Hung Yen, Lang Son, Nghe An, Cao Bang, Quang Tri province) and two southern provinces (Tien Giang , Soc Trang, Soc Trang, which arise as new local service last week).

Article ominous, service cooperatives are shifting "attack" to the southern provinces. If the function does not care industry, and expeditiously to prevent, stop the epidemic spreading risk over a large area. As recommended by the PSC PCD HCM City, which the authorities need to do now is to increase inspections at the animal quarantine station traffic hub as well as close monitoring of the epidemiological situation in the animal facilities concentrated livestock areas, key focus areas of migrant farmers, the old and the outbreak of slaughter. "Aggressive measures will help authorities to detect early cases of cattle transported from the provincial disease and the surrounding areas poured into Ho Chi Minh City. Since then, the City timely remedial measures proposed, not to spread to the community, "Ms Chau said.

Pervasive "market" and illegal poultry
In fact, the situation of transport and trade in live poultry in the province illegally HCMC still widespread. Statistics show that only in weeks (12 - 18 / 7), functional forces has recorded 152 points to sell live poultry blatantly illegal activities, from inner city to the coastal counties suburban districts, like District 5, 6, 2, 7, 9, 12, Binh Chanh, Binh Tan, Go Vap, Hoc Mon, Cu Chi and Thu Duc ... Within a week, authorities have handled hundreds of cases consume poultry business and products not animal veterinary hygiene

Proliferation, survival curb rampant markets trading poultry and livestock products illegally, does not guarantee food safety in the province city, according to assessment of PCD HCMC Steering Committee, is a part stage is caused by the patrol, control and supervision of the local steering PCD has not been good. Therefore, HCM City Steering Committee has recommended PCD PCD PSC localities should work to maintain the frequency of inter-branch inspection teams, regular and irregular areas of focus in the poultry business households as well as interest illegally arranging block major force in the regular place of business and determined handling of cases slaughtering and trading of cattle and poultry in the province illegally.

To prevent remote state enterprises dispersed outside goods consumption of animal products imported frozen microbial infection exceeded permissible limits pending, PCD HCMC Steering Committee requested the local authorities have cold storage flexibility to expedite the process early, not to store too long for those shipments microbiological contamination problems.

FMD Outbreak Reported in Russia

Tuesday, July 20, 2010

The World Organisation for Animal Health has reported an outbreak of foot and mouth disease in Russia. To date, the disease has affected cattle, swine, sheep and goats. Russian veterinary authorities sent an immediate notification to the OIE on Monday.

A total of 112 cattle were found affected, while 2256 showed signs of susceptibility. In the case of swine, four animals were found affected while 50 were found susceptible to the disease. No animals were destroyed.

According to the report, the outbreak occurred about 7 miles from the Chinese border. The source of the outbreak is remains inconclusive and is under investigation.

Russia Finds Foot-and-Mouth Disease Near China Border

July 20, 2010, 5:54 AM EDT

July 20 (Bloomberg) -- Russia is suffering from its first outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease since 2006 after the virus was found in livestock near the Chinese border, according to the World Organization for Animal Health, or OIE.

The virus infected 112 cattle and four pigs located 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) from the border, an alert by Russia’s Ministry of Agriculture published yesterday on the Paris-based OIE’s website shows. Vaccination and quarantine measures have been applied, according to the alert.

Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the most contagious animal illnesses and can kill young offspring, according to the OIE. A 2001 outbreak in the U.K. caused at least 9 billion pounds ($13.7 billion) in damages including direct expenses, costs to tourism and compensation payments to farmers, according to Cardiff University’s Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability and Society.

The Russian outbreak started on July 5 and was confirmed by laboratory testing on July 18, the alert shows. Before now, the disease most recently occurred in the country in June 2006, according to the notice.

Russia had 19.6 million pigs and 17.9 million head of cattle in 2009, according to data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The country’s livestock herd ranks behind countries including the U.S. and Brazil.

China in November reported an outbreak of the viral disease among cattle in the northwestern region of Xinjiang.

The foot-and-mouth virus infects cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, pigs and sheep. It can cause foot lesions, as well as weight loss and permanently reduced milk production in cattle.

Angola: UN health agency warns that polio outbreak may spread

Health workers administer oral polio vaccine

20 July 2010 – The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) is warning there is a high risk that a recent outbreak of polio in Angola could spread to neighbouring countries and urged action to ensure that local children are vaccinated against the disease.

At least 15 cases of wild poliovirus type 1 have been recorded across Angola since the start of the year, and WHO said in an update issued yesterday that the pattern of the cases signal that the outbreak is expanding.

All of the cases that have been detected since February were recorded in either the capital, Luanda, or in five provinces – Bié, Bengo, Huambo, Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul – that had previously been considered polio-free. Another genetically related case was detected in a neighbouring province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) earlier this year.

WHO said polio vaccination coverage needs to substantially improve, with as many as 25 per cent of children regularly missed during supplementary immunization campaigns over the past 18 months.

“Urgent action is needed to ensure that all children in Angola are reached with oral poliovirus vaccine” next month and in September, when subsequent rounds of immunizations are scheduled to take place, according to the agency.

It also urged countries in the region to strengthen their disease surveillance so they can mount a rapid response if cases begin to occur in their jurisdictions.

WHO is also calling on travellers to and from Angola to ensure they are fully vaccinated against polio.

Sometimes called poliomyelitis, polio is a highly infectious and sometimes fatal disease, and is often marked by acute flaccid paralysis among sufferers. It has been eradicated from much of the world, but experience shows that the virus can travel far relatively rapidly.

Swine flu follows monsoon trail

New Delhi, July 19 (IANS)
The monsoon, a much-awaited phenomenon in India, has this year brought with it a return of the swine flu virus. With 332 cases reported from all over the country since July 12, swine flu has spread to almost every part of the country.
Kerala has the highest number of 121 reported cases, closely followed by Maharashtra with 102 cases so far.

A total of 21 deaths have been reported from the affected states.

The death toll is highest in Maharashtra with 11 deaths reported. Kerala reported 8 deaths, while Delhi and Gujarat, which saw rapid spread of the virus in the last two weeks, have reported one each.

In the northern plains, which was saved from the virus due to the dry weather, the monsoon has brought with it the threat of rapid spread of H1N1. Delhi has reported 14 cases, Haryana one, and Uttar Pradesh two cases so far.

However, according to experts, the virus may not create as much havoc this year as people have developed some immunity to it.

‘The problem will be severe only if the virus mutates again,’ a health ministry official said.

‘With two indigenous vaccines, we are now prepared to face the threat,’ he added.

Since its outbreak in May last year, swine flu has so far claimed 1,646 lives in India so far.

UNDIAGNOSED DEATHS, MACAQUE MONKEYS - JAPAN (05): REQUEST FOR INFORMATION

[1]
Date: Tue 13 Jul 2010
Source: Nature 466, 302-303 (2010) [edited]
<http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100713/full/466302a.html>


Japanese monkey deaths puzzle
------------------------------
Scientists from Japan's premier primate research centre are
struggling to reassure the public that a mysterious illness killing
their monkeys poses no threat to humans. Almost a decade after it 1st
appeared, scientists from Kyoto University's Primate Research
Institute (PRI) [also abbreviated KUPRI] described the disease and
their unsuccessful search for a cause in an online publication on 1
Jul 2010 and in a press release on 7 Jul 2010. But their account
leaves other researchers hungry for details.

In the 1st outbreak to hit the PRI in Inuyama, near Nagoya, between
July 2001 and July 2002, 7 Japanese macaques (_Macaca fuscata_) fell
ill and 6 of them died from what the institute scientists
provisionally call a 'haemorrhagic syndrome.' Symptoms included
anorexia, lethargy, pallor and nasal haemorrhaging. Autopsies
revealed bleeding in the lungs and intestines. Genetic, bacterial and
toxicological tests failed to pinpoint a cause, and after the
outbreak ran its course, operations at the institute returned to
normal. But between March 2008 and April 2010, another 39 cases
appeared in the same species. Of those, 25 died of the disease and 13
were humanely killed. Only one monkey survived each outbreak.

On 1 Jul 2010, an institute committee set up after the 2nd outbreak
published its findings in the online version of the Japanese-language
journal Primate Research (Kyoto University Primate Research Institute
Disease Control Committee Primate Res. 26, 69-71; 2010). The
committee tested blood, faeces and tissues from the diseased monkeys
for 6 bacteria and 16 viruses. The tests, which included PCR
analysis, turned up nothing that could explain the deaths. Francois
Villinger, director of pathology at the Yerkes National Primate
Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, says that Japanese laboratories
tend to have excellent diagnostic capabilities: "Therefore I have
confidence in the fact that the illness is probably not due to any of
the known agents inducing haemorrhagic fevers."

PRI director Tetsuro Matsuzawa spoke out against suggestions in the
local media that the disease could spread to humans or other animals.
At the 7 Jul 2010 press conference, he stressed that none of the
other primate species at the institute, which houses more than 1200
animals from 13 species, including chimpanzees, marmosets and
crab-eating macaques, has contracted the syndrome. The humans who
handled the monkeys also show no symptoms. "I don't like the
headlines in the news media," he says. "We think that the
haemorrhagic syndrome is due to a species-specific pathogen of the
Japanese monkeys."

Matsuzawa says that the institute did not publish its findings
earlier because it feared causing panic in the wider population.
Cases are still occurring, but following the use of disinfectants and
the isolation of sick monkeys, the pace has slowed to one case in May
and one in June. Matsuzawa is holding back some data for a more
detailed future publication and would not answer Nature's questions
about whether his group is also probing possible environmental
causes, which bacteria and viruses have been tested for, and what
analysis of the 2 surviving monkeys has revealed.

By screening the 790 remaining Japanese macaques for other viruses
and bacteria and running genetic tests, Matsuzawa hopes to pin down
the cause of the syndrome and to create a test for early diagnosis.
He says that he is looking for collaborators, and animal-pathogen
researchers contacted by Nature are certainly eager to learn more
about the illness. Primate disease specialist Sonia Altizer of the
University of Georgia in Athens wonders whether any of the animals
were recently captured in the wild, where they could have picked up
the infection, and whether animals were housed singly or in groups.
"Knowing the possible contacts between animals and the chronological
pattern of illness or deaths might also help determine whether this
was indeed an infectious agent, and the possible routes of
transmission," she says.

She also asks what measures the human workers were taking before the
outbreaks to minimize transmission of infectious agents between
monkeys and humans. "Presumably there would be some pretty careful
measures in place that would limit human exposure to any contaminant
or pathogen," she says, "so saying that humans are not susceptible to
me seems premature."

[Byline: David Cyranoski]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[The above article adds some clarity to the translated data included
in our previous postings. However, some details remain unpublished,
particularly the identity of the "6 bacteria and 16 viruses" and the
toxins which are claimed to have been excluded by the applied tests. - Mod.AS]

******
[2]
Date: Fri 16 Jul 2010
Source: Chunichi Shimbun [Trans. from Japanese, edited]
<http://www.chunichi.co.jp/s/article/2010071690091309.html>


KUPRI decided to kill some monkeys in affected cages
-----------------------------------------------------
KUPRI, Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute in Inuyama,
Aichi Prefecture, Japan, decided to stepwisely kill some monkeys held
in the same cages where death occurred earlier.

Hirohisa Hirai, deputy director of the Institute, said on Thursday
[16 Jul 2010]: "We said to JMC [see commentary] that their demands
could not be accepted. If all [potentially exposed] monkeys are
eliminated, we shall not be able to discover the cause of the
disease. To contain infection, we intend to kill contacted individuals."

Akira Katoh, director of World Primate Zoo [WPZ; see commentary],
said: "we thought it was important to eliminate all ["down to zero"]
monkeys in the Institute and told them so."

In addition to the 2 close facilities [JMC and WPZ], KUPRI is also
surrounded by a forest which is the habitat of wild monkeys.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[KUPRI has been recently exposed to demands to undertake severe
biosecurity measures, including culling of all its (800) primates, by
2 adjacent institutions: the 'Japan Monkey Centre (JMC)', dealing
with primate research, conservation and education, and the 'World
Primate Zoo (WPZ)', a zoological garden specialising in primates,
which exhibits about 650 individuals of more than 70 species of
living primates. WPZ is regarded as the world's largest collection. - Mod.AS]

Sukoharjo | DKK: Residents positive Menjing AI

By Beautiful Septiyaning on July 17, 2010

Sukoharjo (Espos), District Health Office (DKK) Sukoharjo ensure one resident Menjing Hamlet, Kayuapak, Polokarto who died recently of positive bird flu or avian influenza (AI).

Previously, residents who died in Dr Solo Moewardi Hospital recently with the initials of the PA is only expressed as a suspect. However, after the lab results came out, the relevant fact bird flu positive.

DKK Sukoharjo head, Dr. Agus Prihatmo said, had just received the lab results. "It turned out positive results. So it's not a suspect anymore unless 12 other people suspected of having ilness like influenza (ILI), but after a check lab, it turns out they were suffering from dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), "he said when met reporters, Saturday (17 / 7).

With the release of the results of these laboratory checks, Agus added, it would further tighten control of border regions.

PRRS reported in pig farms in Thailand

[12 July 2010]
Livestock officers in Thailand have inspected pig farms in various provinces following reports of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) that has killed a large number of pigs in Nong Khai province. They have visited pig farms in Buriram province to advice farmers on hygiene and farm management and urged them to urgently report any symptoms of illness in pigs. In Nakhon Pranom province, the Livestock Development Department has coordinated with local organizations to expedite inspections in slaughterhouses and meat vendors. Nakhon Phanom is another province where pigs are reported to be struck by PPRS.

Thailand - Pig disease problems

15 Jul 2010
Livestock officers in Buriram province have visited pig farms to advise to farmers on hygiene and farm management. They have also given the farmers disinfectants and urged them to urgently report any symptoms of illness in the pigs to the department, so that officers could inspect and prevent the spread of the disease.
Meanwhile in Nakhon Pranom province, the Livestock Development Department, in coordination with local organizations, has expedited inspections in slaughterhouses and meat vendors. Nakhon Phanom is another province where pigs are reported to be attacked by the PPRS as it neighbors Nong Khai province.

Livestock officers have instructed for meat packing to be conducted in standardised and hygienic slaughterhouses to prevent the spread of the disease. Authorities have also prevented the transport of pork from unapproved areas.

Mystery epidemic taking toll on Syrian military

Tuesday, July 13, 2010

LONDON — Syria's military was said be fighting a mysterious epidemic that has killed several soldiers and delayed programs.

The Syrian opposition asserted that an unknown disease has been raging through Syrian Army barracks, particularly in the north. The opposition said the suspected epidemic has killed several people and delayed a recruitment program.

"The enrollment of new conscripts has been postponed to the beginning of next month rather than this month," the opposition West Kurdistan Society said.

In a statement on July 12, the society, which reports on the Kurdish minority in Syria, said an undetermined number of soldiers have died of the "unknown disease." On July 10, the statement said, 10 Army recruits were rushed to a hospital in the northeastern city of Qamishli and were reported in critical condition.

The Syrian military has not acknowledged the epidemic. But officials have confirmed that Syrian hospitals were treating many people for exhaustion and other illnesses related to the current heat wave in the Levant.

This marked the second report by the Syrian opposition of an epidemic that has struck the Army. The first report said many Syrian soldiers were hospitalized by what appeared to be dysentery. The disease was attributed to a lack of water, food and poor sanitary conditions in Syrian military training camps.

"There has been a lot of speculation about the reasons for this disease, some blaming the vaccines given to new soldiers, which may have been corrupted," the West Kurdistan Society said. "Others attributed the cause to the state of the weather as there is a wave of intense heat and high temperatures. Some attribute it to a bacterial contamination in water and food in the barracks, and so far this is limited to members of the military, not Syrian civilians."

The Kurdish group said Syrian hospitals were overflowing with soldiers and civil servants believed infected by the epidemic. The report said Syrian physicians have failed to reach a diagnosis and were hampered by poor equipment and training.

So far, at least 14 soldiers, all of them new recruits, were said to have died in the epidemic. The Kurdish group cited deaths in military hospitals in Harasta and Teshrin.

"The Syrian government is unable to provide quick solutions to reduce the spread of the disease, which has turned into a nightmare that haunts members of the Army and the Syrian community in general," the statement said.

More than 1,000 exposed to dengue in Florida: CDC

Previously reported here: http://pandemicinformationnews.blogspot.com/2010/05/dengue-hits-key-west.html

WASHINGTON | Tue Jul 13, 2010 5:14pm EDT

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Five percent of the population of Key West, Florida -- more than 1,000 people -- have been infected at some point with the dengue virus, government researchers reported on Tuesday.

Most probably did not even know it, but the findings show the sometimes deadly infection is making its way north into the United States, the researchers said.

"We're concerned that if dengue gains a foothold in Key West, it will travel to other southern cities where the mosquito that transmits dengue is present, like Miami," said Harold Margolis, chief of the dengue branch at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"These cases represent the reemergence of dengue fever in Florida and elsewhere in the United States after 75 years," Margolis said in a statement.

"These people had not traveled outside of Florida, so we need to determine if these cases are an isolated occurrence or if dengue has once again become endemic in the continental United States."

Dengue is the most common virus transmitted by mosquitoes, infecting 50 million to 100 million people every year and killing 25,000 of them.

It can cause classic flu-like symptoms but can also take on a hemorrhagic form that causes internal and external bleeding and sudden death. Companies are working on a vaccine but there is not any effective drug to treat it.

Dengue was eradicated in the United States in the 1940s but a few locally acquired U.S. cases have been confirmed along the Texas-Mexico border since the 1980s. More cases have been reported recently in Mexico and the Caribbean.

After 27 cases of dengue were reported in Florida in 2009, scientists from the CDC and the Florida Department of Health took blood samples from 240 randomly chosen Key West residents.

Of these, 5 percent had active dengue infections or antibodies to the virus, showing they had been infected, the researchers told the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases being held in Atlanta.

Egypt: "Animal Health Research" reached a third of the vaccine for "bird flu"

Sunday, July 11th, 2010 - 15:23

Flag of "The Seventh Day" that the Institute of Animal Health Research to reach production of a new local vaccine to combat bird flu h5n1 influenza is endemic in Egypt since he was Egypt in 2006.

Informed sources said the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation to produce the new vaccine will be within two years from now, will be in collaboration with the company, "Biological Products" where the company creates new line for production of a local vaccine against bird flu.

The sources revealed that the General Authority for Veterinary Services refused to file the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University and Harbin Institute of China, local production of a vaccine strain of Egypt after the withdrawal of samples and testing them for non-completion of his papers.

The sources for the "seventh day" that the Commission examine the files Authority requested the Working Group and the Harbin Institute report on the results of the new vaccine in the country of origin "Egypt" which is not available so far, which is also what happened with the vaccine produced by the National Center for Research.

The sources said that unidentified bodies aborted production of a vaccine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Institute of Harbin, for vaccine production Animal Health Research Institute, noted that the vaccine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine has proven its effectiveness and its consequences.

The Animal Health Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation is to reach the third to produce a vaccine against bird flu, but after a long struggle with the body and importers halt the production of the vaccine altogether.

With a team of scientists, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University in collaboration with the Institute of "Harbin" Veterinary Research in China to prepare for a new vaccine for the prevention of bird flu.

And Dr Ahmed Abdul Ghani Elsnose Professor of Virology and one of the scientists of the research team that the new vaccine strain was isolated from Egypt in 2009 has been tested and proved a success in the treatment and prevention of disease by 100%.

Undiagnosed deaths, macaque monkeys - Japan: RFI

Date	09-JUL-2010
Subject	PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed deaths, macaque monkeys - Japan: RFI

Date: Fri 9 Jul 2010

Source: Chunichi Shimbun {Transl from Japanese, abridged and edited]

<http://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/national/news/CK2010070902000041.html>





Monkeys die from a mysterious cause in the Inuyama primate research institute

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------A total of 44 Japanese monkeys "Snow Monkey" (_Macaca fuscata_) died

of a mysterious disease between 2001 and 2010 in the Primate Research

Institute of the Kyoto University, Inuyama city, Aichi Prefecture,

Japan. [We are told the university includes several

branches/campuses].



Tetsurou Matsuzawa, director of the Institute and professor at the

Kyoto University, said the cause of the cases would be an unknown

pathogen. Infection happened in only 3 places, and wouldn't spread to

man and other animals.

Phase 1: July 2001 to July 2002, 7 monkeys showed symptoms, of which 6 died.



Phase 2: March 2008 to April 2010, 39 monkeys showed symptoms, of

which 38 died.



Symptoms:

1 bleeding in internal organs

2 bleeding mucous membrane of nose

3 subcutaneous ecchymosis

4 dark brown muddy feces

5 especially almost no platelet in blood of most death cases

Influenza A viruses mutate genes

Tuesday, July 6, 2010 15:46 AM Pontianak (ANTARA News) - Influenza viruses type A as A5N1 and A1N1 predicted genes have been mutated so that it can grow in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, the temperature around 30 degrees celcius.

Pontiac City Health Office Head, Multi Juto Bhatarendro, said Tuesday in Pontianak, Pontianak temperature like that any virus should be dead. If one can survive the possibility during the rainy season.

"So the bird flu virus, swine flu, or SARS could emerge during the rainy season in December until April and usually in temperate countries," he said.

Padjadjaran University alumnus was doubted if the city of Pontianak, the regions through which the Equator line with enough sunlight into the influenza A virus was developed.

"It's a bit odd, there is a gene mutation or high mobilization of where the origins of these viruses," said Multi.

Not only that, because growth is also closely associated with viral vectors would have also hooked up with neighborhood problems.

"For example, if you got the flu and did not want to wear masks and not far away from the inhalation of course healthy people in healthy people will be infected," he said.

For that purpose, Multi suggest to people to always cultivate healthy and clean life behavior.

Since the discovery of cases of chickens died suddenly three weeks ago, there were six residents who stated suspect bird flu. However, the results of last inspection states, four were negative and two more bird flu tested positive for swine flu.

Pontianak City Health Office, said the two patients who tested positive for swine flu is now recovered and is back home.

Vietnam can not control avian influenza

---

Wednesday, 07/07/2010, 00:00
(ANTD) - It was confirmed by Mr. Hoang Van Nam, Director of Animal Health authorities at a press conference celebrates 60 years of veterinary science in the morning Vietnam by 6-7.

Accordingly, since 2008, Vietnam has set targets by 2010 will successfully control the bird flu but now, the risk of bird flu continued, and the fact that we can not payment is completely of avian influenza in the near future, even within 50-10 years. "Some countries can do it but it is difficult for our country," he said Year.

The reason is because he was our country's long borders, the ability to control disease spread through transport of smuggled through difficulties. While the method is raising to 65% is small, the disease control loose again, veterinary systems are not perfect, people's perception of limited room service ... So veterinary science goals that put Vietnam in the coming years is to gradually reduce bird damage and to ensure human health.

Anti-Ebola in Congo after the "suspects" were negative

BRAZZAVILLE - A system of "retaliation" against Ebola has been deployed in the north-west of Congo after the discovery of five cases of suspected viral haemorrhagic fever but were negative, told AFP Monday Health concordant sources.

Three deaths were recorded among these "five suspected cases of acute haemorrhagic fever" identified in the village of Mokouangonda in the district Mokéko (Sangha region, north-west), according to a statement released last week by the World Health Organization (WHO) and was confirmed to AFP by the Director of Health of the Congo, Prof Alexis Elira Dokekias.

The deceased had nosebleeds, bloody diarrhea, cough and fever - symptoms of acute haemorrhagic fever - but the samples taken indicated he was not Ebola, according to Professor Elira Dokekias. The International Centre for Medical Research (CIRMF), Gabon, who examined the samples, also told AFP they had been "negative".

"There is no clinical feature of Ebola. We took all measures of response as if it is Ebola, because it happens close to the Odzala National Park" where cases Ebola have been recorded in the past but also in gorillas, in 2003, humans with death, "said Professor Elira Dokekias.

Prevent Flu Pandemic Pigs in West Kalimantan

Friday, July 2, 2010 23:10 pm

NOT subsided potential pandemic of bird flu (H5N1) in Pontianak, new threats emerge no less deadly.

Medical Response Team Coordinator for Avian Influenza and Avian Pig Dr Soedarso, Dr. Abdul Salam and Dr. Dedet Hidayah SpA, Friday (2 / 7), reveals the fact the entry of swaine flu (swine flu) in the City of Equatoria.

Two boys who initially suspected suspect bird flu, virus type A positive is infected, the virus of classical swine influenza H1N1 serotypes. Drums of death in Kalbar bertalu tub (continuous tube???). Although the case fatality rate (CFR) swine flu in Indonesia in 2005, only 2.5 percent compared to the bird flu reaches 80 percent, does not mean harmless swine flu.

Degree of swine flu fatality in fact be''executioner''harshest in the world. When rocked Spain in 1918-1920, claimed 20 million to 100 million lives. H1N1 pandemic in history. 56 Years later, Pandemic destabilize other parts of the world, including in the U.S..

Last year, it deadly virus broke out in Mexico and spread to various countries. World Health Organization (WHO) noted that as of May 2, 2009, swine flu attacked 16 countries. Among Mexico, U.S., UK, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore and Indonesia. In our country, swine flu detected since July 24, 2009.

MOH noted two positive patients swine flu. One pilot was treated at the Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, after returning from Australia and Hong Kong, only British citizens during a visit to Bali. Since then the country is haunted by the swine flu pandemic.

Within five days, the Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Health, recorded 444 cases. Swine flu attacked seven provinces, began to DKI Jakarta, East Java, Yogyakarta, West Java, Banten, Bali, up North.

Swine flu pandemic is the greatest risk of inviting large-scale, since the outbreak of avian flu re-emerged in 2003. Swine flu fatality rate is smaller than the CFR avian influenza, but H1N1 virus can be transmitted from pigs to humans, and from human to human.

As a result of this transmission pattern, swine flu much faster and more powerful than the spread of bird flu around the world. Until now there has been no transmission of bird flu from human to human.

Bird flu is transmitted only from birds to humans, relatively limited distribution and quickly disconnected. Prevention is also focused on culling poultry. Prevention of swine flu hard to detect, due to the high mobility of people from one place to another place in the world.

Take Kalbar Diswanak Pig Blood Sample

Banjarmasinpost.co.id - Saturday, July 3, 2010 West Kalimantan

BANJARMASINPOST.CO.ID, PONTIANAK - Team "participatory Diseases and Response Survey" Department of Veterinary and Animal Health, West Kalimantan pig farmer take blood samples in the neighborhood who tested positive for H1N1 suffering.

"Incidentally location sufferers with pig blood samples taken, close together," said Head of Animal Health and Veterinary Kalbar Abdul Manaf Mustafa in Pontianak, Saturday afternoon.

He added, taking blood samples to see if the pig's bird flu or not.

According to him, the pig is one of the media of transmitting avian influenza, other than poultry.

Abdul Manaf said, the concern is if the virus H5N1 and H1N1 viruses to join and form new strains.

Dangerous H5N1 strain but its slow its spread while the H1N1 spread quickly and are not dangerous.

While on the status of bird flu-free certificates for the ordinance, Abdul Manaf said that was still under discussion at the Center.

He continued, did not rule status will be revoked.

"However, there is also the possibility that continued to receive the certificate," he said. If cases of bird flu, West Kalimantan are still given a chance.

However, the case should not be expanded, eggs and poultry transport vehicle given pesticides.

The final step, destroy all poultry in a radius of one kilometer on the recommendation of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

"But we try to do at the neighborhood level," said Abdul Manaf.

In addition, monitoring conducted 14 days after the first case found. Next 30 days, 60 days and 90 days.

Pigs blood samples were taken in the region Sentarum Pontiac Lake Road.