PRO / RUS> virus influenza A (H1N1), resistance to ozeltamiviru (02): northern hemisphere

Archive Number 20090327.71213
Published Date 27-MAR-2009
Subject
Influenza virus A (H1N1), resistance to ozeltamiviru (02): northern hemisphere
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Date: March 27, 2009
Source: WHO: Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR), influenza, March 21, 2009 [translation edited with English site ProMED] [Moderator NP]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/H1N1webupdate20090318% 20ed_ns.pdf

Influenza virus A (H1N1), resistance to ozeltamiviru (02): 2008/2009 season, northern hemisphere
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Within 1-4 weeks (December 28-January 24, 2009), the total level of flu activity in the world increased.

Most European countries have reported regional or widespread activity of influenza viruses with a dominance of influenza A (H3).

On the widespread activity of influenza A (H1 and H3) was reported from Japan.

In Canada, Hong Kong, the United States influenza activity also increased, but remained relatively low. Sporadic incidence of influenza was observed in Brazil (A), Croatia (H1, H3, B), Greece (H1, H3, B), Iran (H1, H3), Mongolia (A), Portugal (H1, H3, B), Serbia (H1, H3, B), Singapore (H1, H3, B), Slovakia (H3) and Turkey (H3, B).
During this period, a total of 30 countries from all WHO regions have reported resistance to ozeltamiviru in 1291 out of 1362 studied isolates of viruses A (H1N1). The spread of resistance to ozeltamiviru very high in Canada (52 of 52 samples), Hong Kong SAR (72 out of 80), Japan (420 of 422), Republic of Korea (268 out of 269) and the United States (237 of 241).
The relatively low prevalence of resistance observed in China (6 out of 44 surveyed). In Europe, the H1N1 virus in circulation during this period was low, but the spread of resistance was high: France (12 out of 12 surveyed), Germany
(66 of 67), Ireland (9 of 10), Italy (16 of 16), Sweden (11 out of 12) and the United Kingdom (61 of 62).

WHO is collecting global data about this phenomenon from multiple laboratories participating in the Global network for influenza surveillance
[]. Data from European countries participating in EISS [European Project for influenza surveillance, ] prepared EISS and VirGil [draft control viral sustainability]
[]. This aggregate table is updated every 4 weeks.

Data on resistance to ozeltamiviru based on phenotypic and genotypic analysis
Complete the table on the sustainability of the virus A (H1N1) to ozeltamiviru (4 quarter 2008-31 January 2009) is shown on the site http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/H1N1webupdate20090318% 20ed_ns.pdf

[Comment Maud. Craig Pringle. It should be noted that in Europe for 11 weeks [9-15 March] 2009, all tested viruses A (H3N2) (predominant epidemic virus) were resistant to M2 inhibitors, but sensitive to ozeltamiviru and zanamiviru (). Consequently, the emergence of resistance to ozeltaviviru depends on the genotype of the virus and can not be directly related to the use of inhibitors neyraminidazy .. - Mod.CP]

[Comment Mod.NP. Information from Research Institute of influenza RAMS complementary message data for Russia. Http://www.influenza.spb.ru/index.php?newsid=1206371733 arising from the dissemination of information in the countries of Western Europe, strains that are resistant to the inhibitor neyraminidazy -- ozeltamiviru, Research Institute of Influenza RAMS, a study of this trait among 12 viruses A (H1N1), isolated in Moscow (2 strains), St. Petersburg (8 strains) and Kaliningrad (2 viruses). According to the results of sequencing the gene neyraminidazy in 7 of 8 strains isolated in St. Petersburg, found mutations leading to replacement of histidine at position 274 to tyrosine (H274Y), telling the virus resistant to ozeltamiviru. The remaining 5 strains of the mutation did not have. Thus, in Russia, as in other countries, noted the emergence of strains resistant to ozeltamiviru. - Mod. NP]