By February 1 According to Sing Tao Daily, Hong Kong Web site reports, Sha Lo Wan on Lantau Island in Hong Kong last week seized the body of three ducks, suspected of carrying the H5 bird flu virus. FEHD staff in Hong Kong this afternoon on the 1st to the Sha Lo Wan Village to carry out cleaning and disinfection. Secretary for Food and Health York Chow said that there is no evidence that the Sha Lo Wan, it was free-range poultry, but concerned about the avian flu virus and the virus is present poultry change.Pm sent staff to the department seized the body of ducks and geese along the football field and wharfing sprinkling disinfectant bleach to clean again.
Dr Chow pointed out that the ducks and geese there are several possibilities for the body of sources, first, free-range poultry deaths were left there, and the other is near the dead poultry were disposed of in the water, and then are washed ashore. The possibility of these two authorities will follow up, while the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department in December last year has been all over the inspections in the New Territories to follow up the issue of free-range poultry. He added that the authorities will also notify the relevant Mainland authorities to follow up the Pearl River along the coast if there poultry deaths.
Dr Chow stressed that after entering the winter, the risk of avian influenza has been severe, the mainland one after another the past month occurred in 8 of human infection with avian influenza, and these cases have not discussed this with some large number of poultry (bird flu) outbreak associated. Authorities concerned about the virus and at present whether there is a poultry virus changed, because chickens infected with avian flu after a large number of deaths before infection to humans.
Dr Chow pointed out that the ducks and geese there are several possibilities for the body of sources, first, free-range poultry deaths were left there, and the other is near the dead poultry were disposed of in the water, and then are washed ashore. The possibility of these two authorities will follow up, while the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department in December last year has been all over the inspections in the New Territories to follow up the issue of free-range poultry. He added that the authorities will also notify the relevant Mainland authorities to follow up the Pearl River along the coast if there poultry deaths.
Dr Chow stressed that after entering the winter, the risk of avian influenza has been severe, the mainland one after another the past month occurred in 8 of human infection with avian influenza, and these cases have not discussed this with some large number of poultry (bird flu) outbreak associated. Authorities concerned about the virus and at present whether there is a poultry virus changed, because chickens infected with avian flu after a large number of deaths before infection to humans.
The people were infected with the disease on the poultry, but not a large number of poultry deaths, Does this indicate that some birds will carry the virus but no symptoms.
He called on members of the public try to avoid any contact with poultry, if contacted will have to wash their hands immediately or sterilized so as to minimize this risk. If any place in Hong Kong found dead or sick birds, we must try to notify the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department to enable them to deal with.
Dr Chow added that although avian flu and flu are two different diseases, but in Hong Kong the past week more and more cases of influenza are expected the next two to three weeks is the peak period of influenza infection, I hope the public, especially students, If there are symptoms will not go to school as much as possible to avoid transmission to other students. In addition, if there are any homes, homes for the aged or disabled persons homes found many cases, they will have to notify the Department of Health.
He called on members of the public try to avoid any contact with poultry, if contacted will have to wash their hands immediately or sterilized so as to minimize this risk. If any place in Hong Kong found dead or sick birds, we must try to notify the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department to enable them to deal with.
Dr Chow added that although avian flu and flu are two different diseases, but in Hong Kong the past week more and more cases of influenza are expected the next two to three weeks is the peak period of influenza infection, I hope the public, especially students, If there are symptoms will not go to school as much as possible to avoid transmission to other students. In addition, if there are any homes, homes for the aged or disabled persons homes found many cases, they will have to notify the Department of Health.
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CUT THE CHAIN OF INFECTIONS ! Spread of avian flu by drinking water:
Proved awareness to ecology and transmission is necessary to understand the spread of avian flu. For this it is insufficient exclusive to test samples from wild birds, poultry and humans for avian flu viruses. Samples from the known abiotic vehicles as water also have to be analysed. Proving viruses in water is difficult because of dilution. If you find no viruses you can not be sure that there are not any. On the other hand in water viruses remain viable for a long time. Water has to be tested for influenza viruses by cell culture and in particular by the more sensitive molecular biology method PCR.
Transmission of avian flu by direct contact to infected poultry is an unproved assumption from the WHO. There is no evidence that influenza primarily is transmitted by saliva droplets: “Transmission of influenza A in human beings” http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473309907700294/abstract?iseop=true.
There are clear links between the cold, rainy seasons as well as floods and the spread of influenza. There are clear links between avian flu and water, e.g. in Egypt to the Nile delta or in Indonesia to residential districts of less prosperous humans with backyard flocks of birds and without a central water supply as in Vietnam: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0829.htm. See also the WHO web side: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/emerging/h5n1background.pdf. That is just why abiotic vehicles as water have to be analysed. The direct biotic transmission from birds, poultry or humans to humans can not depend on the cold, rainy seasons or floods. Water is a very efficient abiotic vehicle for the spread of viruses - in particular of fecal as well as by mouth, nose and eyes excreted viruses. Infected humans, mammals, birds and poultry can contaminate drinking water everywhere. All humans have very intensive contact to drinking water. Spread of avian flu by drinking water can explain small clusters in households too.
Avian flu infections may increase in consequence to increase of virus circulation. Human to human and contact transmission of influenza occur - but are overvalued immense. In the course of influenza epidemics in Germany, recognized clusters are rare, accounting for just 9 percent of cases e.g. in the 2005 season. In temperate climates the lethal H5N1 virus will be transferred to humans via cold drinking water, as with the birds in February and March 2006, strong seasonal at the time when (drinking) water has its temperature minimum.
The performance to eliminate viruses from the drinking water processing plants regularly does not meet the requirements of the WHO and the USA/USEPA. Conventional disinfection procedures are poor, because microorganisms in the water are not in suspension, but embedded in particles. Even ground water used for drinking water is not free from viruses.
In temperate regions influenza epidemics recur with marked seasonality around the end of winter, in the northern as well as in the southern hemisphere. Although seasonality is one of the most familiar features of influenza, it is also one of the least understood. Indoor crowding during cold weather, seasonal fluctuations in host immune responses, and environmental factors, including relative humidity, temperature, and UV radiation have all been suggested to account for this phenomenon, but none of these hypotheses has been tested directly. Influenza causes significant morbidity in tropical regions; however, in contrast to the situation in temperate zones, influenza in the tropics is not strongly associated with a certain season.
In the tropics, flood-related influenza is typical after extreme weather. The virulence of influenza viruses depends on temperature and time. Especially in cases of local water supplies with “young” and fresh influenza-contaminated water from low local wells, cisterns, tanks, rain barrels, ponds, rivers or rice paddies, this pathway can explain H5N1 infections. At 24°C, for example, in the tropics the virulence of influenza viruses in water exists for 2 days. In temperate climates with “older” water from central water supplies, the temperature of the water is decisive for the virulence of viruses. At 7°C the virulence of influenza viruses in water extends to 14 days.
Ducks and rice (paddies = flooded by water) are major factors in outbreaks of avian flu, claims a UN agency: Ducks and rice fields may be a critical factor in spreading H5N1. Ducks, rice (fields, paddies = flooded by water; farmers at work drink the water from rice paddies) and people – not chickens – have emerged as the most significant factors in the spread of avian influenza in Thailand and Vietnam, according to a study carried out by a group of experts from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and associated research centres. See http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=26096&Cr=&Cr1
The study “Mapping H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza risk in Southeast Asia: ducks, rice and people” also concludes that these factors are probably behind persistent outbreaks in other countries such as Cambodia and Laos. This study examined a series of waves of H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza, in Thailand and Vietnam between early 2004 and late 2005. Through the use of satellite mapping, researchers looked at several different factors, including the numbers of ducks, geese and chickens, human population size, rice cultivation and geography, and found a strong link between duck grazing patterns and rice cropping intensity.
In Thailand, for example, the proportion of young ducks in flocks was found to peak in September-October; these rapidly growing young ducks can therefore benefit from the peak of the rice harvest in November-December, at the beginning of the cold: Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos – as opposed to Indonesia – are located in the northern hemisphere.
These peaks in the congregation of ducks indicate periods in which there is an increase in the chances for virus release and exposure, and rice paddies often become a temporary habitat for wild bird species. In addition, with virus persistence becoming increasingly confined to areas with intensive rice-duck agriculture in eastern and south-eastern Asia, the evolution of the H5N1 virus may become easier to predict.
Dipl.-Ing. Wilfried Soddemann - Epidemiologist - Free Science Journalist soddemann-aachen@t-online.de http://www.dugi-ev.de/information.html
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